Lavrent'eva Elena

Crusader Rebuilding of the Holy Sepulchre: Defi nition of the Construction Stages, Setting New Targets

Abstract

A great deal of research remains to be done on the architectural features of Holy Sepulchre complex in Jerusalem reestablished during the 12th century. The main target of this paper is the definition of stages of the building process that rarely received the focused attention they deserve. Yet architectural features of Rotunda Anastasis (11th century) and katholikon (12th century) have the potential to challenge our understanding of fundamental issues of historical inquiry, various processes of transmission, the working relationships between builders, patriarchs and patrons. Barring the Rotunda Anastasis, Byzantine Holy Sepulchre complex was in ruins by the early 12th century. The remains of the complex, built by Constantine Monomachos, were preserved and integrated into the structure of a new domed Crusader church, katholikon. It is archaeologically confirmed that during the process of the katholikon construction several chapels were moved, the eastern apse of the Rotunda was destroyed, the omphalos position was shifted to the west. The first phase of restoration work was carried out under Patriarch Arnulf of Chocques during the reign of Baldwin I; the second phase — under patriarch William of Malines during the reign of Melisenda. It’s still unknown what the first version of the katholikon’s plan was and which fragments had been erected under Patriarch Arnulf. It is also not clear if there were differences between the first and the second version of the plan during the reign of Baldwin I and the reign of Melisenda.

Keywords

Holy Land, Holy Sepulchre, Crusader Architecture, Levant Architecture, Rotunda Anastasis, Holy Sepulchre katholikon

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Information about the author

Lavrent'eva Elena