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Luterans-iconographers in Peterburg in the XIXth century
DOI of the paper: 10.15382/sturV201416.162-170
Abstract
The author in this article considers process of transformation of religious painting in the icon, occurring in the XIXth eyelid in Sankt-Petersburg. The Valaam icon of the Mother of God can serve as an example of such transformation. The icon was painted by the monk Alipy in the Valaam Monastery in 1878. The future monk studied in Academy of Arts in Sankt-Petersburg for some time. Most likely as a sample for the Valaam icon the monk Alipij choosed the Kostomarovsky icon of the Mother of God, that was painted by the academician of the Moscow Academy of Arts by V. V. Shokarev. The icons of this kind were created at that time in the abundance and as a pattern for them served diff erent Madonna paintings of the Middle Ages. But the «academic» icons of Sankt-Petersburg differed a lot from Catholic religious images with their dynamics, emotional outburst and intensity, with their emphasized tragic element. On the contrary in the icons, painted by academic artists in the Orthodox style, there were restraint, balance, symmetry, tranquility and romanticism. All these features we can find in the Valaam icon. In this image of the Mother of God we can notice a strong influence of pietism («religion of the heart»), Protestant mystical movement of the late XVIIth — early XVIIIth centuries. Ideas of the German pietists were very demanded and very popular in Russia in the XIXth century. The pietism penetrated into the Russian culture as a whole, it had also strong impact on the icon-painting of that time. Dialogue with the Lutheran world proved to be viable, sincere and deep. We can talk about the formation of the phenomenon of «lutheran icons» in nineteenth-century Russia. In its best samples «lutheran» icons, and the Valaam icon among them, preserved the orthodox image of Divine love.
Keywords
Russian icon, dialogue of cultures, the Valaam icon of the Mother of God, the icon-painting of Sankt-Petersburg, the Imperial Academy of arts, pietism, Lutheran icon.
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