St. Tikhon’s University Review . Series III: Philology

This article analyses the Hebrew inclusions and loanwords in a Glossary for the Song of Songs, that is the fi rst part of the so-called Zabelin’s Set, the cluster of Biblical texts translated from Jewish sources into Old Ruthenian, which was found in the manuscript Zabel. 436 from the 1630s–50s (State Historical Museum, Moscow). The Glossary was created, however, in rather earlier times, probably in the époque when translations were made from Hebrew into Old Ruthenian which were included in the Vilna Biblical Codex (the unique manuscript from the fi rst quarter of the 16th century). The Glossary contains the readings of the Song of Songs found in the Vilna Codex only, or in the unique manuscript from the Russian State Library (Museum 8222, mid- 16th century) only, or from both these manuscripts. The Glossary thus seems to be the first independent evidence of the existence of Vilna and Museum Slavic translations of the Song of Songs, including the loanwords there. These loanwords have not been studied comprehensively yet. Furthermore, the Glossary was apparently a draft of the Vilna Codex translation which used materials of the Museum translation and other sources, including the Hebrew Masoretic Text. The words in the Glossary, which were borrowed from High German—with the Old Polish and/or Old Czech mediation—and were adopted by the end of the 15th century, have a textual accordance to the High German translations of the Song of Songs, both of the Christian ones made from the Vulgate (vorlutherische deutsche Bibeln) and of the Jewish ones made in so-called Old Yiddish, or Proto-Yiddish (in Hebrew script): these translations into the “Ashkenazi language” are known from the 14th–15th-centuries manuscripts and are kept in full in the 1544-first-printed editions of the Jewish Humash with the Five Scrolls which also contain the Song of Songs.

Biblical studies, Jewish-Christian relations, mediaeval vocabularies, Song of Songs, Old Ruthenian, Church Slavonic, Old Yiddish, Jewish interpretation of the Bible, language contacts, Interslavic communication

1. Alekseev A. A. (1981) “Pesn’ Pesnei po spisku XVI veka v perevode s drevneevreiskogo originala,” in Palestinskii sbornik, 27 (90), Leningrad, pp. 63–79 (in Russian).
2. Alekseev A. A. (2002) Pesn’ Pesnei v drevnei slaviano-russkoi pis’mennosti. St. Petersburg (in Russian).
3. Alobaidi J. (2010) Old Jewish Commentaries on the Song of Songs I: The Commentary of Yefet ben Eli. Bern et al.
4. Altbauer M. (1992) The Five Biblical Scrolls in a Sixteen-Century Jewish Translation into Belorussian (Vilnius Codex 262). Concordance comp. by M. Taube. Jerusalem.
5. Altbauer M., Shiby Y. (1971–1981) “Glosar Yewwani-Yehudi le-Ḥameš ha-megilot,” Sefunot: Studies and Sources on the History of the Jewish Communities in the East. XV (The Book of Greek Jewry, V), pp. 367–421 (in Hebrew).
6. Asbaghi A. (1988) Persische Lehnwörter im Arabischen. Wiesbaden.
7. Aslanov C. (1999) “La place du Venetus Graecus dans l’histoire des traductions grecques de la Bible.” Revue de philologie, LXXIII/2, pp 155–174.
8. Baumgarten J. (2005) Introduction to Old Yiddish Literature. Ed. and transl. by J. C. Frakes. Oxford.
9. Belova O. V. (2001) Slavianskii bestiarii. Slovar’ nazvanii i simvoliki. Moscow (in Russian).
10. Boryś W. (2008) Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego. Kraków.
11. Chantraine R. (1968–1980) Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue grecque. Histoire des mots. T. I–IV. Paris.
12. Chernykh P. Ya. (1999) Istoriko-etimologicheskii slovar’ sovremennogo russkogo iazyka. Vols. I–II. Moscow (in Russian).
13. De Crom D. (2009) “The Book of Canticles in Codex Graecus Venetus 7,” in Jewish Reception of Greek Bible Versions, ed. by N. de Lange, J. Krivoruchko, C. Boyd-Taylor. Tübingen, pp. 287–301.
14. de Lange N. (2015) Japheth in the Tents of Shem. Greek Bible Translations in Byzantine Judaism. Tübingen.
15. de Vincenz A., Hentschel G. (2010) Das Wörterbuch der deutschen Lehnwörter in der polnischen Schrift- und Standardsprache. Göttingen, Oldenburg.
16. Dvoretskiy I. Kh. (1976) Latinsko-russkii slovar’. Moscow (in Russian).
17. Eidelkind Ya. D. (2015) PesnÛ pesnei: Perevod i fi lologicheskii kommentarii k glavam 1–3. Moscow (in Russian).
18. Faierstein M. (2015) “Paulus Aemilius, Convert to Catholicism and Printer of Yiddish Books in Sixteenth Century Augsburg,” Judaica. Beiträge zum Verstehen des Judentums, 71/4, pp. 349–365.
19. Faierstein M. (2017) “Paulus Fagius and the First Published Yiddish Translation of the Humash — Constance, 1544,” Judaica. Beiträge zum Verstehen des Judentums, 73/1, pp. 1–35.
20. Frakes J. C. (2005) Early Yiddish Texts, 1100–1750. Oxford.
21. Fram E. (2015) “Some Preliminary Observations on the First Published Translation of Rashi’s Commentary on the Pentateuch in Yiddish (Cremona, 1560)”. Hebrew Union College Annual, 86, pp. 305–342.
22. Frisk H. (1960–1972) Griechisches etymologisches Wörterbuch. Bd. I–III. Heidelberg.
23. Japhet S., Walfish B. Dov. (2017) The Way of Lovers: The Oxford Anonymous Commentary on the Song of Songs (Bodleian Library, ms Opp. 625). Leiden, Boston.
24. Jankowski H., Aqtay G., Cegiołka D., Çulha T, Németh M. (2019) The Crimean Karaim Bible. Vols. 1–2. Wiesbaden.
25. Gebauer J. (1970) Slovník staročeský. D. I–II. Praha.
26. Grafov A. E. (2019) Slovar bibleiskogo ivrita. Moscow (in Russian).
27. Grishchenko A. I. (2019) “The Church Slavonic Song of Songs Translated from a Jewish Source in the Ruthenian Codex from the 1550s (RSL Mus. 8222): A New Revised Diplomatic Edition”, Scrinium. Journal of Patrology and Critical Hagiography, 15/1, pp. 111–131.
28. Grishchenko A. I. (2020) “‘Zabelinskaia podborka’: ranee neizvestnyi blok zapadnorusskikh bibleiskikh perevodov s evreiskikh istochnikov (po rukopisi XVII veka)”, Judaic-Slavic Journal, 2 (4) (in Russian).
29. Grishchenko A. I. (2020) “Iazyk ‘Zabelinskoi podborki’ — neizvestnogo pamiatnika vostochnoslavianskogo khristianskogo gebraizma na zemliakh Rechi Pospolitoi”, Rocznik Teologiczny, LXII/2, pp. 547–589 (in Russian).
30. Grishchenko A. I. (2021) “PesnÛ pesnei v perevode Frantsiska Skoriny: neozhidannye tekstual’nye paralleli,” in Berkovskie chteniia — 2021. Knizhnaia kultura v kontekste mezhdunarodnykh kontaktov. Moscow, Minsk (in Russian).
31. Habersaat K. (1936) “Glossare und Paraphrasen zum Hohenlied: Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der jüdisch-deutschen Hohelied-Uebersetzungen,” Biblica, 17/3, pp. 348–358.
32. Habersaat K. (1964) Die ä ltesten jiddischen Hohelied — Handschriften von 1394 bis 1590 nebst Chronologie der jiddischen Handschriften. Freiburg i. Br.
33. Kellner M., transl. and comm. (1998) Levi ben Gershom (Gersonides). Commentary on Song of Songs. New Haven, London.
34. Kluge Fr. (1989) Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache. Berlin; N. Y.
35. Koehler L., Baumgartner W. (2017) The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament. Leiden et. al.
36. Kowalski T. (1929) Karaimische Texte im Dialekt von Troki. Kraków.
37. Kriaras E. (1968–2016) Lexico tis meseonikis ellinikis dimodus grammatias 1100–1669. Vols. 1–20. Thessaloniki.
38. Kyas V. (1997) Česká bible v dějinách národního písemnictví. Praha.
39. Lunt H. G. (1985) “The OCS Song of Songs: One translation or Two?” Die Welt der Slaven, XXX/2, pp. 279–317.
40. Lunt H. G., Taube M. (1998) The Slavonic Book of Esther. Text, Lexicon, Linguistic Analysis, Problem of Translation. Cambridge (MA).
41. Machek V. (1968) Etymologický slovník jazyka českého. Praha.
42. Morag Sh. (2007) “Pronunciations of Hebrew,” in Encyclopaedia Judaica. 2nd ed., ed. by F. Skolnik, M. Berenbaum. Vol. 16. Detroit et al., pp. 547–562.
43. Muraoka T. (2009) Greek-English Lexicon of the Septuagint. Louvain, Paris, Walpole (MA).
44. Newerkla S. M. (2011) Sprachkontakte Deutsch — Tschechisch — Slowakisch. Wörterbuch der deutschen Lehnwörter im Tschechischen und Slowakischen: historische Entwicklung, Beleglage, bisherige und neue Deutungen. Frankfurt a. M. u. a.
45. Niermeyer J. F. (1976) Mediae latinitatis lexicon minus. Leiden.
46. Rebi D. I. (2016) Krymchaksko-russkii i russko-krymchakskii slovari. Simferopol (in Russian).
47. Skok P. (1971–1973) Etimologijski rječnik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika. Knj. I–III. Zagreb.
48. Sławski Fr. (1952–1982) Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego. T. I–V—. Kraków.
49. Sznol Sh. (2012) “Text and Glossary: Between Written Text and Oral Tradition”, in T. M. Law, A. Salvesen. Greek Scripture and the Rabbis. Leuven, Paris, Walpole (MA), pp. 217–232.
50. Taube M. (1985) “On Two Related Slavic Translations of the Song of Songs”, Slavica Hierosolymitana, 7, pp. 203–209.
51. Temchin S. Yu. (2011) “Kirillicheskii rukopisnyi uchebnik drevneevreiskogo iazyka (XVI v.) i Vilenskii vetkhozavetnyi svod,” Knygotyra, 57, pp. 86–99 (in Russian).
52. Temchin S. Yu. (2012) “Kirillicheskii rukopisnyi uchebnik drevneevreiskogo iazyka (XVI v.): publikatsiia i obshchaia kharakteristika pamiatnika,” in Naujausi kalbų ir kultūrų tyrimai, ed. by J. Jaroslavienė et al. Vilnius, pp. 137–180 (in Russian).
53. Temchin S. Y. (2014) “Learning Hebrew in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania: An Evidence from a 16th-Century Cyrillic Manuscript,” in Jews and Slavs, vol. 24. The Knaanites: Jews in the Medieval Slavic World, ed. by W. Moskovich, M. Chlenov, A. Torpusman. Moscow; Jerusalem, pp. 261–281.
54. Trapp E. et al. (1994–2017) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.–12. Jahrhunderts. 8 Faszikeln. Wien.
55. Treat J. C. (1996) Lost Keys: Text and Interpretation in Old Greek “Song of Songs” and Its Earliest Manuscript Witnesses. A Dissertation in Religious Studies. University of Pennsylvania.
56. Useinov S. M. (2008) Krymskotatarsko-russko-ukrainskii slovar’. Simferopol (in Russian).
57. Vasmer M. (1964–1973) Etimologicheskii slovar’ russkogo iazyka. Vols. I–IV. Moscow (in Russian).
58. Waard J. de, Dirksen P. B., Goldman Y. A. P., Schäfer R., Sæbø M. (2004) Biblia Hebraica. Quinta editione cum apparatu critico novis curis elaborato. Fasc. 18: General Introduction and Megilloth. Stuttgart.
59. Walde A. (1938–1954) Lateinisches etymologisches Wörterbuch. 3 Bde. Heidelberg.
60. Yanbai Ya. (2017) Pesn’ Pesnei tsaria Solomona i Targum na iazyke krymchakov. Jerusalem (in Russian).

Grishchenko Alexander

*According to the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) 2011, the degree of Candidate of Sciences (Cand.Sc.) belongs to ISCED level 8 — "doctoral or equivalent", together with PhD, DPhil, D.Lit, D.Sc, LL.D, Doctorate or similar.

This article focuses on those topoi which are characteristic of the category of the tragic in the Middle Ages. It gives a brief description of the concepts of “tragedy” and “the tragic” in the Middle Ages; the dramatic tragedy disappears as a genre in this period, and the term “tragedy” is adopted by the narrative genres, the content of which is associated with mournful stories about the fall of high-ranking people. Fortune and the “scene of life” become two important images on which the “tragic” narrative about the power of fate is built. The masterpiece that determined the key role of Fortune in the Middle Ages is Boethius’ Consolation of Philosophy, which places the ancient Roman goddess into the Christian context and examines her as an instrument of Providence. The term “tragedy” based on the Consolation of Philosophy is mentioned as an example of the ancient genre and as a rhetorical decoration. Boethius’ commentators (Guillaume de Conches, the anonymous commentator from Heiligenkreuz monastery) reveal the proximity of the image of Fortune to the mediaeval concept of the tragic. The image of the “scene of life” is also studied in connection with its role in the development of the tragic in the Middle Ages. The article describes the origin of this image and the changes that it underwent after its incorporation in a Christian context. This topos is given in the interpretation of John of Salisbury and Honorius Augustodunensis who raise the theme of the conjugation of human existence, theatrical performance and Divine Providence. Thus, due to the emergence of the new topoi, the category of the tragic expands in mediaeval literature.

tragedy, the tragic, Middle Ages, Fortune, scene of life, Boethius, Consolation of Philosophy, Boethius’ commentators, John of Salisbury

1. Andreev, Mikhail L. (1989) Srednevekovaia evropeiskaia drama [Medieval European Drama]. M.: Iskusstvo (In Russian).
2. Platon (2014) Zakony, poslezakoniie, pis’ma [Dialogues, Epinomis, letters]. SPb.: Nauka (in Russian).
3. Platon (1994) Fileb. Sobranie sochinenii v chetyrekh tomakh [Collection of works in four volumes]. Tom III. M.: Mysl’ (In Russian).
4. Barton, Carlin A. (1995) The Sorrows of the Ancient Romans: The Gladiator and the Monster. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
5. Chadwick, Henry (1981) Boethius: The Consolations of Music, Logic, Theology, and Philosophy. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
6. Clopper, Lawrence M. (2001) Drama, Play, and Game: English Festive Culture in the Medieval and Early Modern Period. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
7. Curtius, Ernst Robert (1963) European Literature and the Latin Middle Ages / Translated from the German by Willard R. Trask. N. Y.: Bollingen Foundation Inc., Harper & Row, Publishers, Inc.
8. Dox, Donnalee (2009) The Idea of the Theater in Latin Christian Thought. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press.
9. Glover, T. R., Rendall, G. H. (eds) (1931) Tertullian. Apology and De Spectaculis. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
10. Gubbini, Gaia (2018) “King Arthur in Medieval French Literature: History and Fiction, the Sense of the Tragic, and the Role of Dreams”, in J. Küpper, J. Mosch, E. Penskaya (eds) La Mort le Roi Artu: The Pan-European Tradition. History and Drama: The Pan-European Tradition. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG, pp. 42–55.
11. Herold, Christine (1994) “Boethius’s “Consolatio Philosophiae” as a Bridge Between Classical and Christian Conceptions of Tragedy”. Carmina Philosophiae. 1994, № 3, pp. 37–52.
12. Häring, Nicholas M. (1969) “Four Commentaries on the ‘De consolatione Philosophiae’ in MS Heiligenkreuz 130”. Mediaeval Studies. 1969, № 31, pp. 287–316.
13. Kelly, Henry A. (1997) Chaucerian Tragedy. Cambridge: D. S. Brewer.
14. Kelly, Henry A. (1993) Ideas and Forms of Tragedy from Aristotle to the Middle Ages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
15. Minnis, Alastair J. (1993) Chaucer’s Boece and the Medieval Tradition of Boethius. Woodbridge: Boydell & Brewer.
16. O’Daly, Gerard J. (1991) The Poetry of Boethius. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
17. Osherov S. (ed.) (1977) Lutsii Annei Seneka. Nravstvennye pis'ma k Lutsilliiu [Lucius Annaeus Seneca. Epistulae Morales ad Lucilium]. Moscow (in Russian).
18. Patch, Howard R. (1927) The Goddess Fortuna in Mediaeval Literature. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
19. Pike, J.B. (ed.) (1972) John of Salisbury. Frivolities of Courtiers and Footprints of Philosophers. Translation of the First, Second, and Third Books and Selections from the Seventh and Eighth Books of the Policraticus of John of Salisbury. N. Y.: Octagon books.
20. Radding, Charles M. (1992) “Fortune and her Wheel: The Meaning of a Medieval Symbol”. Mediaevistik. 1992, vol. 5, pp. 127–138.
21. Remy, Gerard (2008) “Tragedy in the Thought of Augustine”. Revue des sciences philosophiques et théologiques. № 2, pp. 257–285.
22. Robertson, Durant Waite, Jr. (1952) “Chaucerian Tragedy”. A Journal of English Literary History. 1952, № 1, vol. 19, pp. 1–37.
23. Robinson, D.M. (1946) “The Wheel of Fortune”. Classical Philology. № 4, vol. 41, pp. 207–216.
24. Tarrant, R.J. (ed.) (2004) Seneca. Agamemnon. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
25. Ukolova V., Tseitlin M. (eds) (1990) Boetsii. Uteshenie Filosofi ei i drugie traktaty [Boethius. Consolation of Philosophy and other treatises]. Moscow (in Russian).

Ibragimova Karina

The aim of this article is to prove the existence of a common source for the four Old Russian Chronographs: Tikhonravov’s (TC), Rogozhsky (RC), Troitsky (TR), and the Hellenic Chronicle of the 2nd Recension (EL-2). The methodology of the work is based on comparative textology and on the identifi cation of rare (non-typical of other Old Russian chronographs) common sources of these texts, with the involvement of the Greek originals that were the basis of their translations. The study continues the previously published observations by Oleg Tvorogov. When studying the composition of the Troitsky Chronograph, he revealed a number of its sources, refl ected only in the EL-2, and then he concluded that these sources belong to the convoy of the “Chronograph of Great Statement” (Khronograf po velikomu izlozheniiu) of the 2nd type (KhVI-2). This article examines the TC and RC represented in the non-contemporaneous copies made from two halves of the one archetype; the chronographs referred to the same sources of the KhVI-2 hypothetical convoy. As a result of comparative analysis, it has been possible to identify textual and compositional correspondences between TC, RC, and EL-2 on the material of Daniel 13, Josippon, the Life of SS. Constantine and Helena, and the Story on the Building of the Hagia Sophia in Constantinople (the Troitsky Chronograph is also involved in the study of the latter). Taking into account previously obtained similar results in relation to other common sources of TC, RC, and EL-2 (Legend about Daniel by Epiphanius of Cyprus, Zosima’s Journey to Rachmans, Alexandria of the 1st recension, Legend about the Posthumous Forgiveness for Emperor Theophilus, and also paraphrase of the 6370-year article in the Tale of Bygone Years), it is concluded that the compiler of the EL-2 involved not the KhVI-2 convoy, but a common archetype of the TC, RC, and TR. At the same time, some of these sources are transmitted more closely to the original in the TR, but the other part is absent due to the lacks in the protograph of the manuscript and due to additional editorial alterations of the common archetype for TC, RC, and TR.

Old Russian literature, comparative textual criticism, common archetype, individual sources, Hellenic Chronicle of the 2nd Recension, Tikhonravov’s Chronograph, Rogozhsky Chronograph, Trоitsky Chronograph

1. Аlekseev А. (2006) “Paleia v sisteme khronografi cheskogo zhanra” [Palea in the chronographic genre system], in Trudy Otdela drevnerusskoi literatury, vol. 57, St. Petersburg, pp. 25–32 (in Russian).
2. Anisimova T. (2008) “Sbornik khronografi cheskii s Rogozhskim letopistsem: Arkheografi cheskoe opisanie” [Chronographic Miscellany with the Rogozhsky Chronicle: an archeographic description], in Letopisi i khroniki. Novye issledovaniia, Мoscow, St. Petersburg, pp. 52–93 (in Russian).
3. Anisimova T. (2010) “Rogozhskii khronograf: Tekst. Chast’ 1” [Rogozhsky Chronograph: Text. Part 1], in Letopisi i khroniki. Novye issledovaniia. 2009–2010, Мoscow; St. Petersburg, pp. 102–161 (in Russian).
4. Anisimova T. (2012) “Rogozhskii khronograf. Tekst, issledovanie. Chast’ 2” [Rogozhsky Chronograph: Text, study. Part 2], in Letopisi i khroniki. Novye issledovaniia. 2011–2012, Мoscow, St. Petersburg, pp. 39–92 (in Russian).
5. Anisimova T. (2015) “Tikhonravovskii khronograf. Issledovanie, publikatsiia teksta. Chast’ 1” [Tikhonravov’s Chronograph. Study and publication of the text. Part 1], in Letopisi i khroniki. Novye issledovaniia. 2013–2014, Мoscow; St. Petersburg, pp. 3–166 (in Russian).
6. Anisimova T. (2017) “Tikhonravovskii khronograf. Issledovanie, publikatsiia teksta. Chast’ 2” [Tikhonravov’s Chronograph. Study and publication of the text. Part 2], in Letopisi i khroniki. Novye issledovaniia. 2015–2016, Мoscow, St. Petersburg, pp. 12–171 (in Russian).
7. Anisimova T. (2020) “‘Izbornye’ 3-ia и 4-ia Knigi Tsarstv v Tikhonravovskom khronografe” [“Selected” III and IV Books of the Kings in Tikhonravov’s Chronograph]. Drevnyaya Rus’ — Voprosy medievistiki, no. 4 (82), pp. 99–119 (in Russian).
8. Davydova S. (2001) “‘Skazanie o sv. Sofi i Tsaregradskoi’ v Letopistse Ellinskom i Rimskom” [“The Legend of St. Sophia of Constantinople” in the Hellenic and Roman Chronicle], in Trudy Otdela drevnerusskoi literatury, vol. 52, St. Petersburg, pp. 561–566 (in Russian).
9. Flusser D. (1980) The Josippon [Josephus Gorionides]. Vol. I–II. Jerusalem, 1980 (in Hebrew).
10. Grishchenko A. I. (2020) Arkheografi ia i tekstologiia Pravlenogo slaviano-russkogo Piatiknizhiia XV veka: novye dannye [Archaeographic aspects and textual history of the Edited Slavonic- Russian Pentateuch from the fi fteenth century: New data]. Slavianovedenie, no. 4, pp. 68–87 (in Russian).
11. Grishchenko A. (2018) Pravlenoe slaviano-russkoe Piatiknizhie XV veka: predvaritel’nye itogi lingvotekstologicheskogo izucheniia [The Edited Slavonic-Russian Pentateuch from the fi fteenth century: preliminary results of the linguistic and textological study]. Moscow (in Russian).
12. Meshcherskiy N. (1958) Istoriia iudeiskoi voiny Iosifa Flaviia v drevnerusskom perevode [The History of the Jewish War by Josephus in the Old Russian translation]. Мoscow; Leningrad (in Russian).
13. Shibaev M. (2004) “Letopisnye istochniki Ellinskogo letopistsa vtorogo vida” [Chronicle sources of the Hellenic Chronicle of the Second Kind], in Rukopisnaia kniga Drevnei Rusi i slavianskikh stran: ot kodikologii k tekstologii, St. Petersburg, pp. 187–204 (in Russian).
14. Shibaev M. (2000) “Redaktorskie priemy sostavitelia Sofi iskoi 1 letopisi” [Editorial techniques of the compiler of the Sofi a 1 Chronicle], in Opyty po istochnikovedeniiu. Drevnerusskaia knizhnost’: redaktor i tekst, issue 3, St. Petersburg, pp. 368–394 (in Russian).
15. Таubе М. (1989) “O genezise odnogo rasskaza v sostave “Ellinskogo letopistsa” vtoroi redaktsii (O vziatii Ierusalima Titom)” [On the genesis of a story in the second edition of the Hellenic Chronicle (‘On the Capture of Jerusalem by Titus’)], in Russian Literature and History, Jerusalem, pp. 146–151 (in Russian).
16. Taube M. (2014) “On the Third Capture of Jerusalem by Titus and Its Sources”, in Philology Broad and Deep: In Memoriam Horace G. Lunt. Bloomington, Indiana, pp. 247–264.
17. Tvorogov O. (1975) Drevnerusskie khronografy [Old Russian chronographs]. Moscow (in Russian).
18. Vershinin K. (2019) “Drevneishii vid Skazaniia o trekh pleneniiakh Ierusalima” [The oldest type of the Legend of the Three Captives of Jerusalem], in Istoriia Rossii s drevneishikh vremen do XXI veka: problemy, diskussii, novye vzgliady, Мoscow, pp. 16–21 (in Russian).
19. Vinogradov A., Zaharova A., Chernoglazov D. (2020) Khram Sviatoi Sofi i Konstantinopol’skoi v svete vizantiiskikh istochnikov [The Church of St. Sophia of Constantinople in the light of Byzantine sources]. St. Petersburg (in Russian).

Anisimova Tatiana

*According to the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) 2011, the degree of Candidate of Sciences (Cand.Sc.) belongs to ISCED level 8 — "doctoral or equivalent", together with PhD, DPhil, D.Lit, D.Sc, LL.D, Doctorate or similar.

This article analyses the poem Those girls who walk… (“Devushki, te, chto shagaiut…”, 1921) by Velimir Khlebnikov. It is studied in the context of Khlebnikov’s literary quests; besides, the analysis reveals the importance of extra-linguistic factors. The article combines both biographical and structural semiotic methods of text analysis. One should particularly note that at the time when the poem was created, Khlebnikov was no longer a very active experimenter with words, as in the earlier years. On the contrary, he strove to the clarity of images and created his works based on folklore and live Russian speech, i.e. the spoken language. The analysis of the poem through the prism of facts of Khlebnikov’s biography and work leads to the establishment of the paradoxical character of the text in question. Its formal contradiction (consisting in the “content/form” opposition) reveals the internal, deep, fi gurative-semantic, ideological opposition, which is the confrontation between the poet and the crowd.

Velimir Khlebnikov, biographical method, structural-semiotic method, form and content, antithesis, metaphor, miniature, artistic world, poet prophet

1. Bruni-Sokolova A. (1985) “Velimir Khlebnikov”. Literaturnoe obozrenie, 1985, vol. 12, pp. 98–99 (in Russian).
2. Duganov R. (ed.) (2000–2006) Sobranie sochinenii Velimira Khlebnikova v shesti tomakh [Collection of works by Velimir Khlebnikov in six volumes]. Moscow (in Russian).
3. Duganov R. (1990) Velimir Khlebnikov: Priroda tvorchestva [Velimir Khlebnikov: the nature of creativity]. Moscow: Sovetskii pisatel’ (in Russian).
4. Gazizulina F., Serova M. (2018) “Liubov’ i druzhba kak illiuziia spaseniia geroia pozdnikh stikhotvorenii Velimira Khlebnikova ot odinochestva (na materiale liriki 1921 goda)” [Love and friendship as illusion of saving from loneliness for the hero of Velimir Khlebnikov’s later poems (based on the lyric poetry of 1921)]. Vestnik Udmurtskogo universiteta, 2018, vol. 5, pp. 705–711 (in Russian).
5. Grigoriev V. (2001) “Velimir Khlebnikov”, in Russkaia literatura rubezha vekov (1890-e–nachalo 1920-kh godov) pod red. V. Keldysha [Russian literature of the turn of the century (1890 — early 1920s) edited by V. Keldysh], Moscow, Book 2, p. 579 (in Russian).
6. Starkina S. (2007) Velimir Khlebnikov. Moscow: Molodaia gvardiia (in Russian).
7. Stepanov N. (1975) Velimir Khlebnikov. Zhizn’ i tvorchestvo [Life and literary work]. Moscow: Sovetskii pisatel’ (in Russian).
8. Stepanov N. (1936) “Velimir Khlebnikov. Biografi cheskii ocherk” [Velimir Khlebnikov. Biographical essay], in Khlebnikov V. Izbrannye stikhotvoreniia [Selected poems], Moscow: Sovetskii pisatel’, pp. 8–77 (in Russian).
9. Levinton G. (2017) “Khlebnikov. Zametki o Khlebnikove” [“Khlebnikov. Articles about Khlebnikov”], in Stat’i o poezii russkogo avangarda [Articles about Russian avant-garde poetry], Helsinki: Department of Modern Languages, pp. 79–194 (in Russian).
10. Lur’e A. (1993) “Detskii rai” [“Children’s paradise”], in Vospominaniia o Serebrianom veke [Memoirs of the Silver Age], Moscow: Respublika, pp. 275–277 (in Russian).
11. Poliakov M., Grigoriev V., Parnis A. (eds) (1986) Tvoreniia [Creations]. Moscow: Sovetskii pisatel’ (in Russian).

Kenzhebaeva Saltanat

This article contains a poetical translation of the epic poem by the late-ancient poet Triphiodorus, The Sack of Ilion. For a long time, Triphiodorus had been considered as a poet of “the school of Nonnus” and as his epigone, and his lifetime had been dated to the end of the 5th — beginning of the 6th century. But after the publication in 1972 of the Oxyrhynchus Papyrus of the 3th century containing a few lines by Triphiodorus, it became clear that his lifetime should be shifted to the 3th century and it was not Nonnus who influenced Triphiodorus, but vice versa. Triphiodorus anticipated some stylistic and metrical innovations of Nonnus. “Suda” conveys some data about Triphiodorus stating that he lived in Egypt, and attributing to him several epic poems, among which only The Sack of Ilion has survived. It is a poem containing 691 verses and based on the plot of the Song of Demodocus summarised in Odyssey. The poem by Triphiodorus can be called “a reconstruction” of Demodocusʼ Song. It is also close in content to the last books of the epic Posthomerica by Quintus of Smyrna, though it is not a paraphrase but an independent development of the theme. Such Christian authors as Gregory the Nazianzenus and Gregory of Nyssa could be familiar with the poem. This is the first full translation of the poem into Russian.

Triphiodorus, The Sack of Ilion, Homerus, Nonnus, epic, Late Ancient Poetry

1. Miguélez-Cavero L. (2013) Triphiodorus, “The Sack of Troy”: A General Study and Commentary. Berlin; Boston.
2. Mair A. W. (ed.) (1928) Oppian, Colluthus, Tryphiodorus. Cambridge, Massachusets, 1928, pp. 580–632.
3. Pamiatniki pozdnej antichnoj poezii i prozy II–V veka (1964). Moscow, pp. 56–61 (in Russian).
4. Adler A. (ed.) (1928–1935) Suidae lexicon. Leipzig, vol. 1–4 (repr.: Stuttgart, 1967–1971).
5. Gerlaud B. (ed.) (1982). Triphiodore, La Prise d’Ilion. Paris.
6. Vian F. (1986) “L’épopée grecque de Quintus de Smyrne à Nonnos de Panopolis”. Bulletin de l’Association Guillaume Budé, 1986, no. 45, pp. 333–343.
7. Zhukovsky V. (transl.), Neihardt A., Osherov S. (eds) (1984) Gomer. Odisseia [Homer. Odyssey]. Moscow (in Russian).

Alexandrova Tatiana

*According to the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) 2011, the degree of Candidate of Sciences (Cand.Sc.) belongs to ISCED level 8 — "doctoral or equivalent", together with PhD, DPhil, D.Lit, D.Sc, LL.D, Doctorate or similar.

The “Dictionary of Locutions from Liturgical Books” by Protopriest A. Nevostruev, completed in the middle of the 19th century and never published, can be regarded both as a signifi cant achievement of Church Slavonic studies and as a valuable lexicographic source. The manuscript is kept in the Russian State Library. The decrepit state of the manuscript has determined the necessity of its urgent study and edition. The significance of this project is primarily due to the fact that the text of the dictionary is being made accessible to linguists for the fi rst time. The orthography and grammar of the dictionary refl ect the linguistic views of the time of its creation and can be of interest for those who study the history of Russian linguistics. This paper contains the 5th part of dictionary entries beginning in letter O. The characteristic features of the publication of this Dictionary, the lists of sources, abbreviations and symbols were described in detail in the previous issues of St. Tikhon’s University Review. All previously published parts of the Dictionary together with the critical apparatus can be found at the website of the Faculty of Philology at St. Tikhon’s University for the Humanities: http://pstgu.ru/faculties/philological/science/slov_Nevostr/

Church Slavonic Dictionary, Nevostruev, lexicography, Church Slavonic language, liturgical books, parallel Greek versions, translations of the Old Testament

1. Atanasii (Bonchev) (2002) Rechnik na ts’rkovnoslavianskiia ezik. Sofia, vol. 1 (in Bulgarian).
2. Atanasii (Bonchev) (2012) Rechnik na ts’rkovnoslavianskiia ezik. Sofia, vol. 2 (in Bulgarian).
3. Bogatova G. (ed.) (1987) Slovar’ russkogo iazyka XI–XVII vv. [Dictionary of the Russian language of the 11th — 17th centuries]. Moscow, vol. 12 (in Russian).
4. Bogatova G. (ed.) (1987) Slovar’ russkogo iazyka XI–XVII vv. [Dictionary of the Russian language of the 11th — 17th centuries]. Moscow, vol. 13 (in Russian).
5. Diachenko G. (2000) Polnyi tserkovnoslavianskii slovar’ [Large Church Slavonic dictionary]. Moscow (in Russian).
6. Dvoretskii I. (1958) Drevnegrechesko-russkii slovar’ [Ancient Greek-Russian dictionary]. Moscow (in Russian)
7. Evgen’eva A. (ed.) (1984) Slovar’ russkogo iazyka [Dictionary of the Russian language]. Moscow, vol. 4 (in Russian).
8. Rahlfs А. (ed.) (1979) Septuaginta. Stuttgart.
9. Rahlfs А., Hanhart R. (eds) (2006) Septuaginta. Stuttgart.
10. Ulukhanov I. (ed.) (2000) Slovar’ drevnerusskogo iazyka XI–XIV vv. [Dictionary of the Old Russian language of the 11th — 14th centuries]. Moscow, vol. 6 (in Russian).

Davydenkova Maria

Kaluzhnina Nadezhda

*According to the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) 2011, the degree of Candidate of Sciences (Cand.Sc.) belongs to ISCED level 8 — "doctoral or equivalent", together with PhD, DPhil, D.Lit, D.Sc, LL.D, Doctorate or similar.

Strievskaya Olga

This paper presents new material for the dictionary of the present-day dialect of Staroshvedkoye (Gammalsvenskby), the only Scandinavian dialect in the territory of the former Soviet Union. The present-day state of this dialect has not been described in linguistic literature. The only source of data on Gammalsvenskby is fi eldwork with speakers of the dialect. The main objective of this work is to present material recorded in the interviews in the most complete way possible and to describe the state of the vocabulary and infl ection in the dialect. The entries include the following information: type of infl ection; translation; phrases, sentences and short texts illustrating the usage (with initials of the informants). In many cases full paradigms are given as well. They include all phonetic and morphological forms that have occurred in the interviews.

language documentation, documentary linguistics, fi eld linguistics, endangered language, Swedish dialects, Swedish dialects of Estonia, Gammalsvenskby, dialect dictionary

1. Berkov V. (1996) Dvuiazychnaia leksikografi ia [Bilingual lexicography]. St Petersburg (in Russian).
2. Lagman H. (1971). Svensk-estnisk språkkontakt. Stockholm.
3. Mankov A. (2014) “Dialekt sela Staroshvedskoe: opyt sostavleniia slovaria ischezaiushchego iazyka (a — brist-bäin)” [The Dialect of Gammalsvenskby: Compiling a Dictionary of an Endangered Language (a — brist-bäin)]. Vestnik PSTGU. Seriia III: Filologiia, 38, pp. 91‒130 (in Russian).
4. Mankov A. (2019) “Dialekt sela Staroshvedskoe: opyt sostavleniia slovaria neizuchennogo iazyka (laitär — lū)” [The Dialect of Gammalsvenskby: Compiling a Dictionary of an Endangered Language (laitär — lū)]. Vestnik PSTGU. Seriia III: Filologiia, 60, pp. 104–125 (in Russian).

Mankov Alexander

*According to the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) 2011, the degree of Candidate of Sciences (Cand.Sc.) belongs to ISCED level 8 — "doctoral or equivalent", together with PhD, DPhil, D.Lit, D.Sc, LL.D, Doctorate or similar.