St. Tikhon’s University Review . Series III: Philology

The paper examines some epigrams attributed to Empress Eudocia (ca. 401‒460 AD) in her biographical context and draws largely upon the survived sources, mainly upon Life of St. Melania by Gerontius, the contemporary of the Empress and the eyewitness of many crucial events. The paper attempts to find connections between Empress Eudocia’s first pilgrimage to Jerusalem and the epigrams as well as to clarify the date of this pilgrimage. The spring of 438 may be regarded as the most likely period, which however should have been rather limited in time, namely to April and June. Comparing the texts of the epigrams with the data from some other sources makes it possible to relate the epigrams to some events of Eudocia’s life that are known to us. This allows us to reconstruct the route that the Empress was following and to suppose that the reason for the pilgrimage was thanksgiving to God for the marriage of Eudocia’s daughter, Eudoxia. Besides, the pilgrimage was also intended to coincide with church festivities organised by Juvenal, the bishop of Jerusalem dissembled by anti-Chalcedonian authors who hated the name of his. Although there is no sufficient evidence in the sources that the heir to the throne, Prince Arcadius II, was already born in this period of time, there is a possibility that he was born at the end of 438 or at the beginning of 439 AD. The authentic epigram by Eudocia from Hamat-Gadar could be written during the fi rst pilgrimage. The spuria epigram, narrating ‘the healing story’ can be regarded as correlating with the Greek version of Gerontius’s story (but not with the Latin one, nor with the story retold by Symeon the Metaphrast). It also correlates with the dates of Eudocia’s stay in Palestine, and therefore could be authentic. Other epigrams which are usually considered as ‘spuria’ may also belong to Eudocia but the evidence is insuffi cient for any defi nite conclusions.

Empress Eudocia, epigrams, pilgrimage, authorship, dating, Gerontius, Melania, St. Stephen, Theodosius II, Arcadius II, Juvenal (the bishop of Jerusalem), Hamat-Gader, Paphlagonia, late ancient literature, Byzantian literature, Christianity

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Aleksandrova Tat'iana

The modern Russian language possesses a considerable number of occasional word-forms, among them non-standard degrees of comparison. These can derive from relative and possessive adjectives, adverbs, pronouns, particles, predicative expressions and nouns. The paper examines comparatives derived from nouns: жизнее, травее, докторее etc. Such forms occur quite regularly. We have registered in Russian Internet texts 89 comparatives derived from 200 most frequent Russians nouns. The denominal comparative has two semantic varieties. Firstly, it can highlight a certain property out of all properties designated by a noun and point to its intensity. In this case it serves as an expressive synonym of the deadjectival comparative (жизнее — жизненнее). Secondly, the denominal comparative can have semantics which is unusual for the deadjectival comparative: it increases the intensity of the entire range of qualities related to a noun. In such cases, the denominal comparative cannot be a synonym to the corresponding deadjectival comparative. Denominal comparatives occur in spheres of the Russian language as diverse as colloquial speech, fi ction, opinion journalism as well as in children’s language and in dialects. They may originate from the remote past of the language, namely from the syncretism of the substantive and the adjective which originally were a syncretic noun. In contemporary Russian texts, denominal comparatives are regarded as elements of the language play. They add emotion and expression as well as replace more awkward patterns.

morphogenesis, degrees of comparison, comparative degree, nonstandard comparative, denominal comparative, occasionalism, neologism, language play, noun semantics, adjectival semantics, syncretism of noun and adjective

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Borzenko Ekaterina

The paper examines Plato's idea about the harm of poetry to the soul arising from the fact that poets address not to the reasonable, but to the sensual («furious») part of a soul. Discursive interpretation of verbal communication as an action in the imaginable communicative space allows to understand the philosophical attitude to the poetry, but also to remove the sharpness of Plato’s charge. Whereas, according to Plato, a poet represents an illusory reality and by that harms to a soul, awakening its unreasonable forces, according to the communicative views, a poet just acts in the communicative space as a normal communicant, striving for singularity («strangeness») of the organized communicative act. As the most common, but not exclusive, formal means of communicative «stranging» one should point out rhyme, rhythm and meter. Communication remains appreciably uniform both in poetic, and in any other text: during the communicative act objects and communications are appointed, verbal cliches are chosen and organized, operations with consciousness of the addressee are made, etc.. Subject criteria participate generations and interpretations (understanding and an assessment) of any verbal action.

Plato, unreasonable part of soul, ethical and esthetic aspects of poetry, poetic text as communicative act, discourse.

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Vdovichenko Andrei

The paper examines cognitive operations which underlie the process of forming subordinate categories in German. German idioms are studied as the material for constructing subcategories and defining their their properties and their role in the categorisation process. The paper describes different types of relevant cognitive operations as well as functions of the constituent parts of idioms which subdivide the category «human» in the German language. In the literature, many principles of categorisation have been studied, including the domain-of-experience principle by G. Lakoff , or projection of the social constitution on the conceptual system. They mainly focus on the basic level of categorisation, which reveals characteristics of direct conceptualisation. The approach applied in the paper can be defined as category analysis that includes defining the category status and the cognitive process that underlies the category realisation. The results of the work concern the general process of subcategorisation that can be described as «category modification» with three components involved: original category, modificating concept and resulting category which emerges in the process of interaction of the two structures. The subordinate categories represented in idiom semantics are divided in the two types: classes for direct categorisation or to mediate between the cognised entity and the resulting category through representation of idealised cognitive models associated with the relevant category. The analysed data can shed light on the constitution of the subordinate level of categorisation.

idioms; subordinate categories; cognitive operation; categorization process; German language

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Gogichev Chermen

«The Life of St. Melania», written in the middle of 5th century by presbyter Gerontius, is considered to be a chez-d-oeuvre of hagiography in its own right. It survived in two versions, Greek and Latin. Both versions were discovered not earlier than at the end of the 19th — beginning of 20th centuries; since then, several editions were made. The highly debatable issue of which version should be considered the chronologically earliest one, is nowadays solved in favour of the Greek version. However, none of the versions can be considered the primary one. The following translation «The Life of St. Melania» made from the Greek after Sources chrétiennes, is accompanied by a short introduction and commentaries.

Melania the Younger, Gerontius, agiography, Theodosius II, Eudocia, st. Stephen, Rome, Jerusalem, pilgrimage, late ancient literature, Byzantian literature, christianity.

Aleksandrova Tat'iana

In this paper we continue to publish materials for the dictionary of the present-day dialect of Staroshvedkoye (Gammalsvenskby), which is the only surviving Scandinavian dialect in the territory of the former Soviet Union. The present-day state of this dialect has not been described in linguistic literature. In connection with this, the only source of the factual material is oral interviews with speakers of the dialect recorded by the author during his trips to the village. The main objective of this work is to present material recorded in the interviews in the most complete way and to show the real state of the vocabulary and inflection of the dialect. The entries include the following information: type of inflection; translation; phrases, sentences or short texts illustrating the usage (with initials of the informants). In many cases full paradigms are given as well. They include all phonetic and morphological forms that have occurred in the interviews.

language documentation, documentary linguistics, field linguistics, endangered language, present-day Swedish dialects, Swedish dialects of Estonia, Gammalsvenskby, dialect dictionary.

Man'kov Aleksandr

Markelova Ol’ga

The publication contains the second part of entries beginning in the letter И. Characteristic features of the edition of the Dictionary, lists of sources and abbreviations as well as explanatory notes were set out in detail in the preceding issues of the journal. All previous publications and separately the lists of abbreviations and sources can be accessed at the website of the Department of Philology at http://pstgu.ru/faculties/philological/science/slov_Nevostr/

Church Slavonic Language, lexicography, church service, hymnography, Protopriest A. Nevostruyev

Davydenkova Mariia

Bacci Michele