St. Tikhon’s University Review . Series III: Philology

«Contemporary Annals» is considered to be one of the most signifi cant monuments of Russian émigré cultural history. The recent publication of four volumes of materials from the editorial archive constitutes one of the most important events in the study of the journal. The publication consists of correspondence between the editors (Vol. 1), and between authors and editors (Vols. 2–4). These newly published archival materials clarify and augment the context of the origin and publication of some of the most famous literary and critical texts that the journal carried. They off er researchers new opportunities to clarify and expand the source base in several major fi elds: – Editorial policy in commissioning reviews, surveys, and literary-critical articles; – Authorial initiatives in literary criticism; – Criteria for the editorial selection of literary-critical materials; – Unrealized publications of literary criticism; – The ideological context of literary-critical materials; – Contributions by «Contemporary Annals» authors to other periodicals of Russia Abroad. Literary criticism in «Contemporary Annals» was represented by such fi rst-rate names as Vladislav Khodasevich, Zinaida Gippius, Vladimir Vejdle, Dmitrij Svyatopolk-Mirskij , Petr Bitsilli, Georgij Adamovich, Konstantin Mochul’skij , and Fedor Stepun. However, during all the years of the journal’s existence (1920–1940) there was no unifi ed editorial policy concerning literary-critical articles and reviews, though dozens and dozens of them were published. The editors — Vadim Rudnev, Il’ia Fondaminskij , and Mark Vishnyak — recognized the importance of certain literary-critical texts in terms of ideology, and in respect of attracting subscribers and readers, but did not develop any distinct ideas about the function of literary criticism. They were much more concerned about the subject matter and quantity of materials on religious and philosophical topics (the so-called «diocesan quota»). Literary criticism in «Contemporary Annals» was largely motivated by the political and ideological preferences and antipathies of the editors. Quite often there was no agreement between the editors on ideological topics. This thesis is illustrated and confi rmed by the most striking contributions by major literary critics — Gippius, Khodasevich, Svyatopolk-Mirskij — to «Contemporary Annals».

«Contemporary Annals», Russian émigrés, Russia Abroad, literary criticism, editorial archive, periodicals, Shruba, Korostelev, Gippius, Khodasevich, Svyatopolk-Mirskij

1. Korostelev O., Shruba M. (eds.) Vokrug redakcionnogo arhiva «Sovremennyh zapisok» (Parizh, 1920–1940): Sbornik statej i materialov (Around Redaction Archive of “Contemporary Annals” (Paris, 1920–1940): Collection of Articles and Materials), Moscow, 2010.
2. Efimov M. V. 2011 “K recepcii tvorchestva I. A. Bunina v jemigracii: D. P. Svjatopolk-Mirskij” (To Reception of Works of I. A. Bunin in Emigration: D. P. Svjatopolk-Mirskij), in Izvestija RAN. Serija literatury i jazyka, 2011, vol. 70/6, pp. 44–57.
3. Zhul'kova K. A. Literaturnaja kritika parizhskogo zhurnala «Sovremennye zapiski» (1920–1940): Problemy literaturno-kriticheskogo processa. Dissertacija na soiskanie uchenoj stepeni kandidata filologicheskih nauk (Literary Critic of Paris Journal “Contemporary Annals” (1920–1940): Problems of Literary-Critical Process. Dissertation), Moscow, 2001.
4. Zhul'kova K. A. 2001 “Nekotorye aspekty psiho-biograficheskoj literaturnoj kritiki na stranicah zhurnala russkogo zarubezh'ja «Sovremennye zapiski»” (Some Aspects of Psycho-Biographical Literary Critic on Pages of Russian Emigration Journal “Contemporary Annals”), in Slovesnoe iskusstvo Serebrjanogo veka i dal'nejshee razvitie literatury, Moscow, 2001.
5. Dobrenko E., Tihanov G. (eds.) Istorija russkoj literaturnoj kritiki: sovetskaja i postsovetskaja jepohi, Moscow, 2011.
6. Korostelev O. A. 2012 “Kritika kritiki“ (Critic of Critic), in Znamja, 2012, vol. 4, pp. 186–188.
7. Lebedeva S. Je. Osnovnye napravlenija literaturnoj polemiki russkogo zarubezh'ja pervoj volny i ee otrazhenie v zhurnale «Sovremennye zapiski». Dissertacija na soiskanie uchenoj stepeni kandidata filologicheskih nauk (Main Directions of Literary Polemics of Russian Emigration of the First Wave and Its Reflection in Journal “Contemporary Annals”. Dissertation), Moscow, 2007.
8. Petrova T. G. Literaturnaja kritika russkoj jemigracii pervoj volny (Sovremennye otechestvennye issledovanija): Analit. obzor (Literary Critic of Russian Emigration of the First Wave (Modern Russian Studies): Analytic Survey), Moscow, 2010.
9. Prohorova I. E. 1994 “Zhurnal «Sovremennye zapiski» i tradicii russkoj zhurnalistiki” (Journal “Contemporary Annals” and Traditions of Russian Journalism), in Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Serija 10. Zhurnalistika, 1994, vol. 4.

Efimov Mikhail

The question of quantity of grammatical forms in the imperative paradigms in Russian and Serbian is still disputable. One of debatable points are the 1st person plural imperatives, or inclusive imperatives. This paper is devoted to these forms, their value and the system status. Its task is the review and comparison of the Russian and Serbian imperative forms and identifi cation of some actual tendencies observed in the 1st person plural imperative. In Russian and Serbian languages, a call for joint action is expressed in various ways. In Russian linguists dispute on synthetic imperative forms of the 1st person plural. And in Serbian disputable is a question of similar analytical forms. In Serbian grammar descriptions, the analytical forms are traditionally defi ned as a periphrastic construction or a construction with an intensifying particle. In this paper, we argue this question and demonstrate that the particle hajde wins new positions within imperative paradigm. It is noted that in both languages development of analytical imperative is similar. Analytical imperatives become more common and diversifi ed. Relying on works of predecessors and the analysis of a language material, we are inclined to allocate the both synthetic and analytic forms in compared languages. Russian synthetic form, most likely, gradually concedes a leading role to analytical ones. While process of formation of the analytical form in Serbian language is at the initial stage.

comparative grammar, Slavic languages, imperative paradigm, 1st person imperative, analytical imperative, particle, Serbian, Russian

1. Barentsen A. 2003 “O pobuditel'nyh konstrukcijah s ispolnitelem 1-go lica” (About Imperative Constructions with Actor of 1st Person), in Dutch contribution to the Thirteenth International Congress of Slavists, Ljubljana: Linguistics, Amsterdam, New York, 2003, pp. 1–33.
2. Barentsen A. 2004 “O formal'no markirovannyh vyrazhenijah prizyva k sovmestnomu dejstviju v russkih tekstah dvuh poslednih stoletij” (About Formally Marked Expressions of Appeal to Joint Action in Russian Texts of Two Last Ages), in 2-j Mezhdunarodnyj kongress issledovatelej russkogo jazyka «Russkij jazyk: istoricheskie sud'by i sovremennost'». Sbornik tezisov, Moscow, 2004, pp. 211–212.
3. Birjulin L. A., Hrakovskij V. S. 1992 “Povelitel'nye predlozhenija: problema teorii” (Imperative Clauses: Problems of Theory), in Tipologija imperativnyh konstrukcij, Saint-Petersburg, 1992, pp. 55–63.
4. Birjulin L. A., Hrakovskij V. S. 1991 “Russkaja imperativnaja paradigma s jevoljucionnoj i tipologicheskoj tochek zrenija” (Russian Imperative Paradigm from Evolutional and Typological Points of View), in Semanticheskie i pragmaticheskie aspekty vyskazyvanija, Novosibirsk, 1991, pp. 37–45.
5. Vinogradov V. V. Russkij jazyk. Grammaticheskoe uchenie o slove (Russian Language. Grammatical Teaching about Word), Moscow, 2001.
6. Vojvodich D. 1998 “Ob inkljuzivnyh formah imperativa v slavjanskih jazykah” (About Inclusive Forms of Imperative in Slavic Languages), in Izučavanje slovenskih jezika, književnosti i kultura u inoslovenskoj sredini, Beograd, 1998, pp. 130–138.
7. Dudenkova A. A. 2013 “Funkcionirovanie form imperativa na -mte v russkom jazyke” (Functioning of Imperative Forms on –mte in Russian Language), in Glagol'nye i imennye kategorii v sisteme funkcional'noj grammatiki, Saint-Petersburg, 2013, pp. 76–80.
8. Maslova A. Ju. Sredstva vyrazhenija pobuditel'nogo znachenija v serbsko-horvatskom jazyke v sopostavlenii s russkim. Avtoref. diss. … kand. filol. nauk (Methods of Expression of Imperative Meaning in Serbian-Croatian Language in Comparison with Russian. Dissertation Abstract), Saint-Petersburg, 1998.
9. Moloshnaja T. N. 1995 “Sintaksicheskie sposoby vyrazhenija kosvennyh naklonenij v sovremennyh slavjanskih jazykah” (Syntaxic Methods of Expressions of Indirect Inclinations in Modern Slavic Languages), in Jetjudy po tipologii grammaticheskih kategorij slavjanskih jazykov, Moscow, 1995, pp. 60–150.
10. Percov N. V. Invarianty v russkom slovoizmenenii (Invariants in Russian Inflection), Moscow, 2001.
11. Shvedova N. Ju. (ed.) Russkaja grammatika (Russian Grammar), Moscow, 1980, vol. 1.
12. Timofeev K. A., Medelec N. M. (eds.) Slovar' sovremennogo russkogo literaturnogo jazyka (Dictionary of Modern Russian Literary Language), Moscow, 1960, vol. 10.
13. Toshovich B. Jekspressivnyj sintaksis glagola russkogo i serbskogo/horvatskogo jazykov (Expressive Syntax of Verb of Russian and Serbian/Croatian Languages), Moscow, 2006.
14. Fasmer M. Jetimologicheskij slovar' russkogo jazyka. M., 1986. T. 1.
15. Hrakovskij V. S. 1996 “Ischisljajushhie klassifikacii v tipologii” (Counting Classifications and Typologies), in Voprosy jazykoznanija, 1996, vol. 3, pp. 42–54.
16. Hrakovskij V. S., Volodin A. P. Semantika i tipologija imperativa (Semantic and Typology of Imperative), Moscow, 2001.
17. Maretić T. Gramatika hrvatskoga ili srpskoga književnog jezika, Zagreb, 1963.
18. Minović M. Sintakse srpskohrvatskog — hrvatskosrpskog književnog jezika, Sarajevo, 1987.
19. Moskovlević M. (ed.) Rečnik savremenog srpskog književnog jezika s ježičkim savetnikom, Beograd, 2000.
20. Rečnik srpskohrvatskog književnog jezika, Novi Sad, 1976, vol. 6.
21. Ivić M. (ed.) Sintaksa savremenoga srpskog jezika, Beograd, 2005.
22. Stevanović M. Savremeni srpskohrvatski jezik. Gramatički sistem i književnojezička norma, Beograd, 1986, vol. 1.
23. Vojvodić D. 2003 “O vokativnim i imperativnim tipovima kauzacij e u ruskom i srpskom jeziku”, in Južnoslovenski filolog, 2003, vol. 59, pp. 153–174

Steshevich Varvara

The article deals with the transformation of the image of the empress in the homilies of the 1740s: the image of the female empress created by Feofan Prokopovich, Gavriil Buzhinsky, and Feofi lakt Lopatinsky in the 1710–1720s for Catherine I was actively used by the preachers of the 1740s (Dimitry Sechenov, Kirill Florinsky, Markell Rodyshevsky, and others) after Elizabeth Petrovna’s ascension to the throne. Some of the empress Catherine’s marking features are easily taken over by Elizabeth, forming a strong homiletic canon for the laudation of the empress. Catherine and then Elizabeth are presented as «the embodiment of Peter’s spirit», and are directly identifi ed with Peter. In the homilies of the 1710–1720s, the preachers emphasised Catherine’s wisdom and piety, whereas in the 1740s’, piety becomes the empress’ main quality. The preachers of the 1740s give many examples of the empress’ piety, whereas wisdom is omitted and returns to the «laudation canon» during the reign of Catherine II. The cliché «mother of the homeland» is also being created and taking shape. Catherine’s physical maternity is transformed into her metaphysical maternity in relation to the people of the country. Thus, most identifying qualities of the empress Catherine are easily adopted by preachers for laudation of Elizabeth. Only the merits of the ideal spouse (who participates in military campaigns, among other things) cannot be used, because they contradicted Elizabeth’s biography. But Catherine I as the ideal spouse is portrayed as an example for the heir apparent’s spouse — Grand Duchess Catherine Alexeyevna, the future Catherine II.

homily, panegyric, XVIII century, Elizabeth, Catherine I, «scenario of power».

1. Barsov N. I. 1879 “Maloizvestnye russkie propovedniki XVIII stoletija” (Little Known Russian Preachers of XVIII Century), in Barsov N. I. Istoricheskie, kriticheskie i polemicheskie opyty, Saint-Petersburg, 1879, pp. 132–184.
2. Vetelev A., Kozlov M. Uchebnyj kurs po istorii propovednichestva russkoj pravoslavnoj cerkvi dlja 4 klassa (Training Course for History of Preaching of Russian Orthodox Church for the 4 Form), Zagorsk, 1990.
3. Zavedeev P. Istorija russkogo propovednichestva ot XVII veka do nastojashhego vremeni (History of Russian Preaching from XVII Century till Present Time), Tula, 1879.
4. Kislova E. I. 2011 “Izdanie pridvornyh propovedej v 1740-e gg.“ (Edition of Court Sermons in 1740-s Years), in XVIII vek, Saint-Petersburg, 2011, vol. 26, pp. 52–72.
5. Kislova E. I, Matveev E. M. Hronologicheskij katalog slov i rechej XVIII veka (Chronological Catalogye of Words and Speeches of XVIII Century), Saint-Petersburg, 2011.
6. Pogosjan E., Smorzhevskih-Smirnova M. 2011 “Ekaterina Alekseevna — rossijskaja gosudarynja i carskaja nevesta na revel'skoj ikone” (Ekaterina Alekseevna — Russian Empress and Tsar Bride on Icon of Revel), in Pogranichnye fenomeny kul'tury. Perevod. Dialog. Semiosfera. Materialy Pervyh Lotmanovskih dnej v Tallinnskom universitete (4–7 ijunja 2009 g.), Tallinn, 2011, pp. 117–144.
7. Popov N. A. 1853 “Pridvornye propovedi v carstvovanie Elisavety Petrovny“ (Court Sermons in Reign of Elisaveta Petrovna), in Letopisi russkoj literatury i knizhnosti, izdavaemye N. S. Tihonravovym, Moscow, 1853, vol. 2/3, pp. 1–33.
8. Titlinov V. V. Pravitel'stvo Anny Ioannovny v ego otnoshenijah k delam pravoslavnoj cerkvi (Government of Anna Ioannovna in Ist Attitude to Cases of Orthodox Church), Vilnius, 1905.
9. Smolich I. K. Istorija russkoj cerkvi (History of Russian Church), Moscow, 1996, vol. 8/1.
10. Uortman R. S. Scenarii vlasti: mify i ceremonii russkoj monarhii (Power Scenarios: Myths and Ceremonies of Russian Monarchy), Moscow, 1995. T.1.
11. Marker G. Imperial Saint. The cult of St. Catherine and the Dawn of Female Rule in Russia, DeKalb, 2007.
12. Fedyukin I., Zitser E. A. 2001 “For Love and Fatherland: Early Modern Patronage Politics and the Origins of Russia’s First Female Order of Chivalry”, in Cahiers du Monde russe, 2001, Vol. 52/1, pp. 5–44.
13. Pogosjan Jel., Smorzhevskihh-Smirnova M. 2011 “Peter I’s Icon from the St Nicholas Church in Tallinn: Iconography and Ideology”, in Kunstiteaduslikke Uurimusi = Studies on art and architecture = Studien fur Kunstwissenschaft, 2011, vol. 20/1–2, pp. 191–211.

Kislova Ekaterina

The «Kelejnyj letopisets» by St. Dimitry, Metropolitan of Rostov (1651–1709) is a work on the sacred and world history, based on numerous Western sources, writings of European theologians and historians. The paper is concerned with one of these sources, «The World Chronicle» by German historian Johannes Nauclerus (1425–1510). This is a work, which recounts universal history from the Creation to 1501. Dimitry of Rostov possessed an exemplar of this work edited in Cologne in 1544; now this exemplar is kept in the Research Department for Rare Books of the Library of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The author of the paper analyses St. Dimitry’s marginal notes in «The World Chronicle», compares fragments of both texts, identifi es borrowings from «The World Chronicle» in the «Kelejnyj letopisets». According to the author’s observations, Dimitry of Rostov used «The World Chronicle» for accurate dating of biblical events. Also, Dimitry of Rostov borrowed from «The World Chronicle» some apocryphal legends. Besides, «The World Chronicle» was one of the main sources of information on the history of the Ancient Near East and classical mythology. Generally, Dimitry of Rostov compared this information with similar fragments of works by other West-European authors, such as Cornelius a Lapide, Jacob Bergomensis, Christan Adrichomius etc. Besides, through the medium of «The World Chronicle» Dimitry of Rostov was acquainted with works by medieval authors such as St. Augustine, Pseudo-Hegesippus, Pseudo-Berossus etc. Based on the analysis, the author makes conclusions on main principles of Dimitry of Rostov’s work with the borrowed material. The author considers that Dimitry of Rostov borrowed from Western sources only factual information, but he reconsidered it independently, whereby the «Kelejnyj letopisets» is a deeply original work both artistically and ideologically

Dimitry of Rostov, The «Kelejnyj letopisets», Johannes Nauclerus, «The World Chronicle», chronography, sacred history, Western sources.

1. Fedotova M. A. Jepistoljarnoe nasledie Dimitrija Rostovskogo: issledovanie i teksty (Epistolary Heritage of Dimitrij of Rostov: Study and Texts), Moscow, 2005.
2. Shljapkin I. A. Sv. Dimitrij Rostovskij i ego vremja (1651–1709 g.) (St. Dimitrij of Rostov and His Time (1651–1709)), Saint-Petersburg, 1891.
3. Jankovska L. A. 1998 “«O Rusii, otkoli Rus' pochalasja» v «Knige Zhitij Svjatyh» i v «Letopise Kelejnom» Svjatitelja Dimitrija Rostovskogo (k voprosu o pol'skih hronikah kak odnom iz istochnikov)” (“About Rus’, from When Rus’ Begins” in “Book of Vitas” and in “Cell Chronicle” of St. Bishop Dimitrij of Rostov), in Istorija i kul'tura Rostovskoj zemli. 1997, Rostov, 1998, pp. 27–36.
4. Bercoff G. B. 1992/1993 “The «Letopisec» of Dimitrij Tuptalo, the Metropolitan of Rostov, in the context of Western European culture”, in Ricerche slavistiche, Roma, 1992/1993, vol. 39–40, pp. 293–364.

Volkov Aleksandr

The publication contains the first part of entries beginning in the letter «З» (Russian «З»). Characteristic features of the edition of the Dictionary, lists of sources, abbreviations as well as explanatory notes were set out in detail in the preceding issues.

Kaluzhnina Nadezhda

The study of endangered languages is one of the most urgent tasks of linguistics today. This urgency results from the ongoing rapid decrease in the number of spoken languages. According to authoritative forecasts, during the 21th century from 50 to90% of spoken languages will become extinct. A particularly tragic situation takes place when the language not only disappears but disappears undocumented and unexplored, i.e. forever and without a trace. Documenting endangered languages may thus be regarded as a moral duty of linguists. From a purely linguistic point of view the study of endangered languages can provide material that either changes or significantly corrects our knowledge of what is possible in human language. The development of present-day linguistics (and particularly that of linguistic typology) as well as the enrichment of its factual base is to a large extent related to describing unexplored languages.The principal task in the study of an unexplored language is documenting it, i.e. collecting and making available the factual material. In this paper we begin to publish materials for the dictionary of the present-day dialect of Staroshvedkoye (Gammalsvenskby), which is the only surviving Scandinavian dialect in the territory of the former Soviet Union. The present-day state of this dialect has not been described in linguistic literature. In connection with this, the only source of the factual material is oral interviews with speakers of the dialect recorded by the author during his trips to the village in 2004-2013.The main objective of this work is to present material recorded in the interviews in the most complete way and to show the real state of the vocabulary and inflection of the dialect. The entries include the following information: type of inflection; translation; phrases, sentences or short texts illustrating the usage (with initials of the informants). In many cases full paradigms are given as well. They include all phonetic and morphological forms that have occurred in the interviews.It should be noted that in the course of the interviews, the informants started to cite unrecorded words, point to gaps and inaccuracies in the description, thus becoming participants of the research of their own language. On the whole, the study of the dialect has become possible only due to the cooperation and involvement of the informants and is to a large degree their accomplishment.

documenting endangered languages, endangered language, fi eld linguistics, present-day Swedish dialects, Swedish dialects of Estonia, the village of Gammalsvenskby, dictionary of a dialect

Man'kov Aleksandr

Polo de Beaulieu

Kuznetsova Irina

Polo de Beaulieu