St. Tikhon’s University Review . Series II: History. Russian Church History

The article produced a comprehensive analysis of the literary heritage of the Vyatka region, which is considered as the primary source of Orthodox literary traditions in the region. Analyzed the manuscript tradition in Vyatka region; «the Story of the country Vyatka» and other monuments of the spiritual heritage of the region considered for the Orthodox content. Study Chronicles the funds of the State archive of the Kirov region is analyzed from the perspective of typology of Orthodox literature on the basis of functionality.

Chronicles the legacy of the Vyatka region, history of literature, the manuscript tradition, the Chronicles as a source of Orthodox literature, typology of Orthodox literature.

1. Mosin A. G. Knizhnaja kul'tura i rukopisnaja tradicija russkogo naselenija Vjatskogo kraja (XVII — ser. XIX v.): Avtoref. dis. … kand. ist. nauk (Book Culture and Manuscript Tradition of Russian Population of Vjatskij Region (XVII — Middle of XIX Cent.): Dissertation Abstract), 1986.
2. Pozdeev V. A. Jenciklopedija zemli Vjatskoj. Otkuda my rodom? (Encyclopedia of Vjatskaja Land. Where Are We from?) Kirov, 1995 vol. 2: Literatura (Literature).
3. Spicyn A. Povest' o strane Vjatskoj. Svod letopisnyh izvestij o Vjatskom krae (Story about Land of Vjatka. Collection of Chronicle Information about Vjatskij Region), Kirov, 1993.
4. Bajova L. V., Mosunova L. A. Kniga i knizhnoe delo v Rossii (Book and Book Business in Russia), Kirov, 2014, pp. 29–56.
5. Zlygosteva M. N. Pravoslavnaja kniga Zapadnoj Sibiri (vtoraja pol. XIX — nach. XX v.): Avtoref. dis. … kand. filol. nauk (Orthodox Book of Western Siberia (Second Half of XIX —Begin of XX Cent.): Dissertation Abstract), 2011.

Baeva Lada

The article deals with the church founding activity in the country estates and choice of the place of burial in 18th-19th centuries of the nobles Kozhins, the relatives of St. Macarius of Kaliazin, as religious commemorative practices. Draws attention the significant number and great architectural quality of the churches built by Kozhins. In 18th century the most Kozhins were buried in churches in their estates, and in 19th century the most of them turn to burial in the monasteries outside churches.

commemoration, memory, church foundation, church building, burial, places of burial, funeral practices, country estates, Kozhin, nobility, Tver province, 18th– 19th century Russian history

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9. Kirichenko O. V. Zhenskoe pravoslavnoe podvizhnichestvo v Rossii (XIX — seredina XX v.) (Woman Orthodox Devotion in Russia (XIX– Middle of XX Cent.)), Moscow, 2010.
10. Klokov A. Ju. 2011 “Repec. Usad'ba Kozhinyh” (Repec. Manor of Kozhiny), in Russkie provincial'nye usad'by XVIII — nachala XX veka, Voronezh, 2011, pp. 349–358.
11. Kubarev A. G. Kaljazinskij nekropol': Gorod Kaljazin Tverskoj gubernii (Necropolis of Kaljazin: City Kaljazin of Tverskaja Region), Saint-Petersburg, 1997.
12. Kupcov I. V. Rod Stroganovyh (Family of Stroganovy), Cheljabinsk, 2005.
13. Lebedev A. Opisanie Troickogo Koljazina muzheskogo pervoklassnogo monastyrja Tverskoj eparhii (Description of Troickij Koljazin of Man First Class Monastery of Tverskaja Diocese), Jaroslavl', 1867.
14. Linchenko A. A. 2008 “Dialektika pamjati i zabvenija v ponimanii sootnoshenija tradicionnogo i novogo v kul'ture” (Dialectic of Memory and Oblivion in Understading of Correlation of Traditional and New in Culture), in Vtoroj Rossijskij kul'turologicheskij kongress s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem «Kul'turnoe mnogoobrazie»: ot proshlogo k budushhemu. Programma. Tezisy dokladov i soobshhenij, Saint-Petersburg, 2008, p. 203.
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16. Mel'cin M. O. 2013 “Jevoljucija pohoronnyh praktik knjazej Dolgorukovyh v XVI — nachale XX vekov” (Evolution of Burial Practices of Princes Dolgorukije in XVI — Begin of XX Century), in Izvestija Russkogo genealogicheskogo obshhestva, Saint-Petersburg, 2013, vol. 25, pp. 9–23.
17. Merkulova T. N. 2012 “Portrety I. Je. Kuruty i P. P. Kozhina v sobranii VSMZ” (Portraits of I. E. Kuruty and P. P. Kozhin in Collection of VSMZ), in Materialy issledovanij. Sbornik № 18: Nauchno-prakticheskaja konferencija (28–29 nojabrja 2011 g.). Gosudarstvennyj Vladimiro-Suzdal'skij muzej-zapovednik, Vladimir, 2012, pp. 193–199.
18. Saitov V. I., Modzalevskij B. L. (eds.) Moskovskij nekropol' (Necropolis of Moscow), Saint-Petersburg, 1907–1908.
19. Nekrasov N. A. Sobranie sochinenij (Collection of Works), Moscow, 1979.
20. Papin I. V. 2006 “Nekropol' Kirillo-Belozerskogo monastyrja” (Necropolis of Kirillo-Belozerskij Monastery), in Russkoe srednevekovoe nadgrobie XIII–XVII vv., Moscow, 2006, vol. 1, pp. 195–256.
21. Saitov V. I. (ed.) Peterburgskij nekropol' (Necropolis of Petersburg), Saint-Petersburg, 1912–1913.
22. Selinova T. A. (ed.) Portretnaja miniatjura v Rossii XVIII–XIX vekov iz sobranija Gosudarstvennogo Istoricheskogo muzeja: Al'bom (Miniature Portraits on Russia in XVIII–XIX Centuries from Collection of State Historical Museum: Album), Leningrad, 1988.
23. Rummel' V. V., Golubcov V. V. Rodoslovnyj sbornik russkih dvorjanskih familij (Genealogy Book of Russian Noble Family), Saint-Petersburg, 1886–1887.
24. Sheremet'evskij V. V. (eds.) Russkij provincial'nyj nekropol' (Russian Provincial Necropolis), Moscow, 1914, vol. 1.
25. Saharov I. V. 1998 “Hram kak rodovaja usypal'nica: zahoronenija knjazej Vorotynskih vo Vladimirskoj cerkvi Kirillo-Belozerskogo monastyrja” (Church as Family Burial Vault: Burials of Princes Vorotynskije in Vladimirskaja Church of Kirillo-Belozerskij Monastery), in Duhovnoe, istoricheskoe i kul'turnoe nasledie Kirillo-Belozerskogo monastyrja: k 600-letiju osnovanija, Saint-Petersburg, 1998, pp. 228–257.
26. Svjatoslavskij A. V. Tradicija pamjati v Pravoslavii (Tradition of Memory in Orthodoxy), Moscow, 2004.
27. Seleznev N. P. 2011 “Znamenskoe” (Znamenskoe), in Russkie provincial'nye usad'by XVIII — nachala XX veka, Voronezh, 2011, pp. 345–348.
28. Seliverstov Ju. 2010 “Ni knjazej, ni krasnyh” (No Princes, no Reds), in Pskovskaja gubernija, 2010. vol. 48/519, 8–14 Dec., in http://gubernia.pskovregion.org/number_519/05.php (Date: 15.05.2014)).
29. Stoljarov A. K. 2009 “Stranicy istorii usad'by Kozhino-Anastasovo” (Pages of History of Manor Kozhino-Anastasovo), in Dvorjanskie usad'by Kashinskoj zemli. Istoricheskie sud'by, MGGU im. Sholohova, Moscow, 2009, in Sajt «Informacionnyj portal Tvorcheskogo ob’edinenija «Zhar-Ptica»» (http://www.onitam.ru/places-catalogue/stranicy-istoriiusadby-kozhino-anastasovo (Date: 11.05.2014)).
30. Sukina L. B. Chelovek verujushhij v russkoj kul'ture XVI–XVII vekov (Believer in Russian Culture of XVI–XVII Centuries), Moscow, 2011.
31. Hudozhestvennoe nadgrobie v sobranii Gosudarstvennogo muzeja gorodskoj skul'ptury: Nauchnyj katalog (Art Headstone in Collecton of State Museum of City Sculpture: Scientific Catalogue), Saint-Petersburg, 2006, vol. 3: Nekropol' XVIII veka (Necropolis of XVIII Century).
32. Cypin V., prot. Kurs cerkovnogo prava (Course of Church Law), Klin, 2004.
33. Chernikov S. V. Dvorjanskie imenija Central'no-Chernozemnogo regiona Rossii v pervoj polovine XVIII veka (Noble Manors of Central Chernozemic Region of Russia in First Half of XVIII Century), Rjazan', 2003.
34. Tul'skie usad'by (Manors of Tula), Tula, Smolensk, 2011.

Budiukin Dmitrii

Financial and politics aspects of the realization of the church values seized in 1922 under the pretext of rendering assistance to the starving people are analyzed in the article. Author examines relationship between People’s Commissariat for Finance and three organizations of the all-Russian C.E.C. in which possession were the seized values. The conducted study gives grounds to assert that no sales of the church values abroad for purchase of bread for starving people were carried out and the fight against famine and it’s consequences was waged with the funds of the state Treasury. The seizure of the values from the churches in 1922 lasted too long time. The concentration of the values in Moscow took several years. Having “realized” values authorities initially announced preliminary and demonstrative purchase of the food at a very small amount — 1 million of gold rubles. Then the sale of the church values for soviet depreciated rubles made by the Central Committee for Famine Relief of the all-Russian С.E.C. to Narcomfi n according to agreement of 29 July 1922 was likewise presented by the soviet leaders. The article describes the history of the fruitless efforts undertaken by the members of Pomgol CC to obtain the gold credits, and points out more correct official cost of the seized values. As an important conclusion the author asserts that the policy of double standards pursued by the Narkomfin in the assessment of the seized church property let the financial department under the pretext of ‘’famine relief’’ get a signifi cant profi t.

Seizure of a church values, All-Russia C.E.C., famine relief, realization of values, Pomgol CC, credits, Posledgol, CC, Narcomfin, Famine 1921–1922, Special section of Committee for assistance to agriculture.

1. Badelin V. I. Zoloto Cerkvi: Istoricheskie ocherki (Church Gold: Historical Essays), Ivanovo, 1995.
2. Germanov L. 1922 “Jeksport hleba“ (Broad Export), in Vneshnjaja torgovlja, 1922, 14 August, vol. 11, p. 1.
3. Gorev M. Golod i cerkovnye cennosti (Hunger and Church Values), Moscow, 1922.
4. Dva goda raboty Osoboj sekcii Komiteta sodejstvija sel'skomu hozjajstvu pri VCIK (1/X–1923 — 17/X–1925) (Two Years of Work Special Section of Committee of Help to Agriculture by VCIK (1/X–1923 — 17/X–1925)), Moscow, 1925.
5. Il'in N., Semenova N. Prodannye sokrovishha Rossii (Sold Treasures of Russia), Moscow, 2000.
6. Istorija SSSR s drevnejshih vremen do nashih dnej. Serija vtoraja (History of USSR from Ancient Times till Our Days. Second Serie), Moscow, 1967, vol. 8.
7. Itogi Posledgol (15/X–1922 g. — 1/VIII–1923 g.) (Results of Gold Consequences (15/X–1922 g. — 1/VIII–1923 g.)), Moscow, 1923.
8. Krivova N. A. Vlast' i Cerkov' v 1922–1925 gg. Politbjuro i GPU v bor'be za cerkovnye cennosti i politicheskoe podchinenie duhovenstva (Power and Church in 1922–1925. Politburo and GPU in Struggle for Church Values and Political Subjection of Clergy), Moscow, 1997.
9. Lazerson M. Ja. 1923 “K voprosu o realizacii hudozhestvennyh nemuzejnyh cennostej” (To Question of Realization of Art Non-Museum Values), in Vestnik finansov. 1923, 25 May, vol. 20–21, pp. 9–11.
10. Larsons M. Ja. Na sovetskoj sluzhbe: Zapiski speca (On State Service: Notices of a Specialist), Paris, 1930.
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12. Maculevich L. 1923 “Vystavka cerkovnoj stariny v Jermitazhe” (Exhibition of Church Antiquities in Hermitage), in Sredi kollekcionerov, 1923, vol. 1–2, pp. 45–47.
13. Murin F. 1922 “Narkomfin v bor'be s golodom” (Narkomfin in Struggle against Hunger), in Izvestija VCIK, 1922, 15th March, vol. 60, p. 3.
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16. Poljakov V. A. Golod v Povolzh'e, 1919–1925 gg.: proishozhdenie, osobennosti, posledstvija (Hunger in Povolzh’e, 1919–1925: Origin, Features, Consequences), Volgograd, 2007.
17. Potjaev A. 1924 “Vneshnjaja torgovlja” (Foreign Commerce), in Hozjajstvennye itogi 1922–1923 goda i perspektivy na 1923–1924 god, Moscow, 1924, pp. 130–132.
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21. Hronologicheskij slovar' vsemirnoj istorii («Russkij Webster™») (Chronological Dictionary of World History (“Russian Webster™”)), Moscow, 2006.

Ivanov Sergei, диакон

The issue presents a Russian translation of one of the brief versions of the Life of Saint Onnophrius the Great, made after a copy by father Joseph Paramelle (s.j., 1925— 2011) from a Greek manuscript (Ottobr. gr. 411. ff . 471v-473v). The narrative form recalls the synaxaria’s versions of the Life. A signifi cant difference lies in the fact that it includes more episodes of the original Life than synaxaria’s ones. This version has kept the name of the monastery (Erete), where St Onnophrios lived before retiring to the desert. It is very unusual for a such kind of narration

Saint Onophrius the Great, Byzantine hagiography.

Voitenko Anton

The publication presents the letters of Metropolitan Anthony (Khrapovitsky), one of the most famous bishops of the Russian Orthodox Church the late XIX — early XX century. The letters belong to the early period of the educational and church activities of Metropolitan Anthony (1886–1900). The letters addressed to archimandrite, and on March 1886 Bishop Boris (Plotnikov) — graduate and teacher of the Kazan Theological Academy, and then inspector of the Moscow Theological Academy, rector of the Kiev Theological Seminary and Saint Petersburg Theological Academy. The author of the letters regards the problems of academic monasticism in Russia, theological schools and the general condition of the spiritual life of Russian society 1880–1890-ies. So, Metropolitan Anthony formulates their concept of education of the priesthood and the consolidation of academic monasticism, which, from the point of view of Metropolitan Anthony, must play a crucial role in solving spiritual problems of Russian society. There have been some important features of the spiritual life of the school in one of the most difficult periods of their history. Published letters are in the archive fund bishop Boris (Plotnikov) in the Department of Manuscripts of the National Library of Russia, and researchers have not been used previously.

Russian society is the end of the XIX — early XX century, Russian Theological School, academic monasticism, Metropolitan Anthony (Khrapovitsky), Bishop Boris (Plotnikov).

Sukhova Nataliia

During his trip to the Soviet Union (4.11.1927–13.1.1928) Theodore Dreiser among other things paid much attention to the Soviet religious policy and the relations between the church and the Soviet state. The American writer tried to get an idea of the situation with the Russian Orthodox Church then undergoing one of the most tragic periods in its history. When Dreiser was in Leningrad, the All Union Society for Cultural Relations organized for him an interview with Nikolay Platonov, one of the leading figures in the renovationist church. Dreiser used the shorthand report of the meeting when he was working on his book “Dreiser Looks at Russia” (1928). Dreiser also had a chance to talk to some Russian orthodox priests and eventually formed an opinion on the religious situation in Russia which differed from the Soviet propagandistic clichees.

Theodore Dreiser, American literature, history of the Russian Orthodox Church, Nikolay Fedorovitch Platonov, renovationism, “Living church”, USSR, travelogue, All Union Society for Cultural Relations

Panova Ol'ga

Archimandrite Theodosius (Melnik) was the cellarer of Metropolitan Anthonii (Khrapovitskii) who was the head of the Russian Church Abroad. Archimandrite Theodosius was with his spiritual father and his teacher, Metropolitan Anthonii and shared all the sorrows that have fallen in exile. They lived in Serbia. Then Sremski Karlovci was the center of life of the Russian Orthodox Church. Archimandrite Theodosius become a witness of the important events taking place in Russian Church Abroad and the Serbian Orthodox Church. Letters written by Archimandrite Theodosius in 1933 — 1938 years are published here. The last letter was written after the death of Metropolitan Anthonii. The letters contained information about the life of Metropolitan Anthonii. In his letters, Archimandrite Theodosius assess a personality — Metropolitan Anastasii (Gribanovskii), Metropolitan Nestor (Anisimov), Archpriest Michael Polsky, Yuriy Grabbe, Peter Lopuchin. The letters describe important events in the life of the Russian Orthodox Church, for example, in 1921 Karlovci Council; ) in 1936 the reconciliation of the Russian Church Abroad with Metropolitan Evlogii (Georgievskii) and with Metropolitan Platon (Rozhdestvenskii); in 1938 the preparation of the Second Karlovci Council. All the letters are written to Archimandrite Anthonii (Sinkevich) who served in the Russian Spiritual Mission in Jerusalem. In 1951 Archimandrite Anthony became Archbishop Los Angeles and West American. These letters are kept in the archives of the Russian Ecclesiastical Mission in Jerusalem (Moscow Patriarchate).

the Russian Church Abroad, the Serbian Orthodox Church, Karlovci Council, Second Karlovci Council, the Russian Ecclesiastical Mission in Jerusalem, Metropolitan Anthonii (Khrapovitskii), Metropolitan Evlogii (Georgievskii), Metropolitan Nestor (Anisimov)

Kostriukov Andrei