St. Tikhon’s University Review . Series II: History. Russian Church History

Proposed article is dedicated to development of wide problematic areas of historical as well as theological science. Author mentions the fundamental changes in historical cognition occurred during last century. First of all they relating to revision of hermeneutical paradigm — cognition of obj ect replaced by cognition of subj ect cognizing object. Christian theologians were involved to the contemporary discussions and tried to ask the raised question in theological context. They guided by the fact that the general aspects of historical reflection were formed just in Christian tradition. Author supposes that interpretation narrowed by only one of possible approaches makes its satisfactory perception impossible. That’s why he proposes a hierarchical classification of types of historical cognition. Finally problem of time is regarded as one of the most critical and relevant aspect of historical cognition; it explored in the frames of general conceptions used in one or another scientific and world outlook.

philosophy of history, historical turn, theology of history, historiography, conceptions of time

Mikhailov Petr

This article is dedicated to the history offormation and development ofchurch history in the Russian universities. The author pays attention to background of introduction of church history as independent discipline in the Russian universities; considers in detail, how the first teachers of church history at universities — I. M. Dobrotvorsky, archpriest A. M. Ivantsov-Platonov, I. E. Troitsky — understood her place and value at historical-philological faculties. The special attention is given to the problems connected with presence of church history, as theological science, in the context of historical education.

church history, russian universities, historical-philological faculties, orthodox ecclesiastical academies, theology

Sukhova Nataliia

The article deals with the Roman primacy according to the Africans of the III-VII centuries. The curve of the history it draws is simple. Of the African thought on the subject Cyprian was the voice more or less definitive, close to Irenaeus of Lyons, who was perhaps one of his inspirers, but on another plane. Tertullian, between them, had shown his specific character. For Cyprian, promoter of what in our century was to be called “ecclesiology of communion”, the Apostle Peter was the first one invested by Christ to manifest the unity, and the Roman Church, who retains the memory of Peter, is the centre of the catholic communion : Peter did not have more than the other Apostles and the pre-eminence of the Roman Church does not means she enjoys a superior doctrinal or disciplinary authority. Optatus of Milevis and even Augustine were as a matter of fact, with original nuances, and adaptations with regard to Cyprian, successors of him, and successors who, until the VI century, had themselves descendants in Africa. The African ecclesiology did not stop during the Early Middle Ages, then, later, in the modern period, to exert its influence. It may today play a role within the Roman Catholic Church and in the ecumenical dialogue, between Churches having a historic episcopate.

roman primacy, christian Africa, Cyprian, Augustine, early christian ecclesiology

Mattei Paul

The article is devoted to comparative analysis ofthe first two references in the sources to the Roman chair as «Apostolic throne» in the writings of St. Pope Liberius and St. Athanasius the Great (the middle of the IV century). The author concludes that the Roman and Alexandrian bishops use this term in different ways. If Pope considers that Rome is the Apostolic See in exceptional sense and communion with Rome is necessary for preservation of the orthodoxy, St. Athanasius simply underlines the special dignity of the Roman Church as having apostolic origin and located in the capital of the Empire, and condemns the violent actions that led to the «fall» of the Roman bishop.

Roman see, arian controversy, st. Athanasius the Great, early christian ecclesiology

Zakharov Georgii

The article is dedicated to the religious and political thought of bishop John Lancaster Spalding (1840-1916), a thinker whose influence on the ideological development of Catholic thought of his day was probably greater than that of any other American Catholic ecclesiastical leader. The author deals with Spalding’s understanding of the mutual relationship between Church and state, trying to systematize his vision of the Church developing in secular, democratic, multiethnic and multidenominational country. Much attention is paid to Spalding’s quest for American Catholic political and religious identity and his ideological vindication of the right of U.S. Catholics to fully participate in the social, religious and political life of the nation.

Roman Catholic Church, United States, John Lancaster Spalding, state, republic, democracy

Miakshin Vasilii

The article is devoted to perception of the Russian government’s church policy in Lithuania by the Catholic clergy in the 60-70 years of the XIX century. The source of information is the paper «The persecution of the Church in Lithuania, and especially in the diocese of Vilna». The author considers the actions of governor-generals, their personal qualities, the work of the diocesan administration, characterizes the position of the Polish clergy. He concludes that the Russian government did not want to coexist with Poles and prefers the policy of russification and persecution of the Catholic Church, trying to destroy the Polish element in the region.

Lithuania, Catholic Church, polish clergy, Russian empire, russification

Gritsuto Ekaterina

M. N. Katkov’s opinions about the most significant traits of the old Catholic movement and the possibilities of its union with the Orthodoxy are analized in the article.

M. N. Katkov, the old catholics, catholicism, orthodoxy, interconfessional relations

Mamonova Elena

On the example of the history of persecution of Cardinal Karol Wojtyla the auther discusses the forms and methods of the Polish security service’s struggle against the Catholic Church.

Karol Wojtyla, Catholic Church, Polish security service

Filippov Boris

The article is dedicated to the comparative analyses of the World War I influence on the tsarists Russia and on Germany. It provides with more accurate and updated statistics regarding military activities of the countries, numbers and proportions of the mobilized, casualties, etc. It presents a review of the effects of the war on the Russian and German societies, as well as comparative data on the degree of militarization of economy, on the dynamics of economic development, conditions of the populations and some peculiarities of the government politics. It concludes with several new provisions about the degree and the character of the war effects on the tsarist Russia and Germany and on the causes of the 1917 and 1918 revolutions in these countries.

world war I, Russia and Germany, mobilization, army, military economic, population, causes of the february revolution, comparative research

Leonov Sergei