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St. Tikhon’s University Review . Series I: Theology. Philosophy. Religious Studies

St. Tikhon’s University Review I :1 (63)

THEOLOGY

Nyebolszin Antal

Using of the Psalm 2 in the Apocalypse

Nyebolszin Antal (2016) "Using of the Psalm 2 in the Apocalypse ", Vestnik Pravoslavnogo Sviato-Tikhonovskogo gumanitarnogo universiteta. Seriia I : Bogoslovie. Filosofiia. Religiovedenie, 2016, Iss. 63, pp. 9-22 (in Russian).

DOI of the paper: 10.15382/sturI201663.9-22
The Book of Revelation is well-known by its extensive use of the Old Testament. This use is accomplished not by means of exact citation but through allusions. The measure of nearness of these allusions to the primary text, which they refer to, is diff erent. There are several allusions to Psalm 2 in the text of the Apocalypse, some of which are very close to the text of the Psalm and could be characterized as «quotation-like». The examination of these allusions is of great interest because of the fact that Ps 2 as an utter messianic text drew to itself attention of both Jewish and early Christian authors. The analysis of how Ps 2 is used in Book of Revelation may uncover the singularity of the Apocalypse in comparison with intertestamental Jewish and New Testament books. It is shown in the article that, unlike the Gospels, Acts and the Epistle to the Hebrews, the Seer is focused on the verse Ps 2. 9 which tells us about the victory of the Anointed One over the rebelling nations. In this respect the Apocalypse seems to be closer to the Jewish Psalm of Solomon 17 where through allusions to Ps 2 the military triumph of the Messiah is depicted. The Christian singularity of the Apocalypse is manifested, however, in the identifi cation of the Warrior-Messiah with the Lamb and the One like the Son of Man. In the article is also shown that the allusions of the Apocalypse to the Ps 2 are close to the text of the Septuagint. The presence of allusions to Ps 2 in all greater parts of the Book of Revelation and their extraordinary significance in the presentation of the image of Christ in the Apocalypse make this Psalm one of the «basic» texts of the last book of the Bible.
Revelation of John, Apocalypse, Psalm 2, Old Testament, Psalm of Solomon 17, Use of the Old Testament in the Apocalypse, Messiah, Christ, Son of God, Christological Titles, Kings of the Earth, Inhabitants of the Earth, Nations, Iron Rod, Church, Kingdom

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9. Herms R. An Apocalypse for the Church and for the World, Berlin, 2006.
10. Huber K. 2003 “Psalm 2 in der Offenbarung des Johannes“, in Horizonte biblischer Texte. FS für Joseph M. Oesch zum 60 Geburtstag, Göttingen, 2003, pp. 247–274.
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14. Maiberger P. 1988 “Das Verständnis von Psalm 2 in der Septuaginta, im Targum in Qumran, im frühen Judentum und in Neuen Testament“, in Schreiner J. (ed.) Beiträge zur Psalmenforschung; Psalm 2 und 22, Würzburg, 1988, pp. 85–151.
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Nyebolszin Antal

Veviurko Il'ia

Psalm 151 of the Septuagint: a Subject Analysis

Veviurko Il'ia (2016) "Psalm 151 of the Septuagint: a Subject Analysis ", Vestnik Pravoslavnogo Sviato-Tikhonovskogo gumanitarnogo universiteta. Seriia I : Bogoslovie. Filosofiia. Religiovedenie, 2016, Iss. 63, pp. 23-37 (in Russian).

DOI of the paper: 10.15382/sturI201663.23-37
By its location in the Septuagint canon, Psalm 151 takes up a place of a certain epilogue of the whole Psalter. Due to its isolation in the Greek text and non-canonicity from the masoretic point of view, as well as to its apparent simplicity and triviality, the Psalm was not often attracting attention of the biblical scholars. Only after discovering of a longer Hebrew version of the Psalm in Qumran the situation began to change. Now the Greek Ps 151 has being engaged into comparative study, but generally remaining in the shadow of the Qumran text. This article deals principally with Septuagint version of the Psalm, that underlies the Slavonic and others recensions adopted in the Christian tradition. A through thematical analysis, beginning with the presumption of the texts meaningfulness, will allow then to compare it with the longer Qumran version, the latter to be found poetical interpretation of the former. The analysis reveals David of the Ps 151 to be very much archetypical than historical personality. This is enough to explain the almost complete withdrawal of the emotional «colours», though not depriving the Psalm of its poetical expressiveness. The hero of Ps 151 is a silhouette with some trates of the Anoited One that cometh. This conclusion leads us to the proper estimation of the significance of the Psalm in the history of religious ideas: by the examination of this text we can determine more exactly, what kind of characteristics of the Psalters David collected in its ‘epilogue’ were perceived by the readers as protomessianic: the stainless moral purity, the unfamiliarity to the world, the mysterious conversation with God, the natural possession of power as a mode of the direct divine activity, and the readiness to became a ransomer for the people.
Bible, Old Testament, Septuagint, Psalter, Psalm 151, Qumran, David, Messiah

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3. Kugel Dzh. V dome Potifara. Biblejskij tekst i ego perevoploshhenie (In House of Potiphar. Bible Text and Its Reincarnation), Moscow, 2010.
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5. Shifman I. Sh. 1987 “Psalom 151 (opyt tekstologicheskogo issledovanija)” (Psalm 151 (Experience of Textual Study)), in Pis'mennye pamjatniki Vostoka. Ezhegodnik (1978–1979), Moscow, 1987, pp. 146–155.
6. Dimant D. 2014 “David’s Youth in the Qumran Context”, in Dimant D. History, Ideology and Bible Interpretation in the Dead Sea Scrolls, Tübingen, 2014, pp. 473–487.
7. Fernández-Markos N. 2001 “David the Adolescent: On Psalm 151”, in The Old Greek Psalter: Studies in Honour of Albert Pietersma, Sheffield, 2001, pp. 205–217.
8. Haran M. 1988 “The Two Text-Forms of Psalm 151”, in Journal for the Study of Judaism in the Persian, Hellenistic, and Roman Periods, 1988, vol. 39, pp. 171–182.
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14. Schenker A. 2003 “Junge Garden oder akrobatische Tänzer?”, in Schenker A. (ed.) The Earliest Text of the Hebrew Bible, Atlanta, 2003, pp. 17–34.
15. Schenker A. 2005 “Le Psautier à la lumière du Ps 151“, in Die Architektur der Wolken. Zyklisierung in der europäischen Lyrik des 19. Jahrhunderts, Bern, 2005, pp. 21–27.
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Veviurko Il'ia

Khondzinskii Pavel, archpriest

The Anthropology of Apollinaris of Laodicea in the Works of V. Nesmelov

Khondzinskii Pavel (2016) "The Anthropology of Apollinaris of Laodicea in the Works of V. Nesmelov ", Vestnik Pravoslavnogo Sviato-Tikhonovskogo gumanitarnogo universiteta. Seriia I : Bogoslovie. Filosofiia. Religiovedenie, 2016, Iss. 63, pp. 38-49 (in Russian).

DOI of the paper: 10.15382/sturI201663.38-49
Victor Nesmelov was a Russian philosopher and theologian at the turn of the 19th and 20th century. In his work “Science of a man” he elaborated the original anthropological concept by which he tried to justify the traditional Christian doctrine. This concept was a development of the ideas of V. Snegirev who was the teacher of Nesmelov while he was in the Kazan ecclesiastical academy. At the same time the fi rst important work of Nesmelov is a book dedicated to the teaching of the St. Gregory of Nyssa, who often perceived as a authority in the theological anthropology. In this article author tries to understand the nature of the interconnection between these two directions of the Nesmelov’s study. By an example of how Nesmelov presents the teaching of Apollinaris of Laodicea (the opponent of St. Gregory) author shows that this psychological approach was characteristic for Nesmelov from the very beggining of his academic way. In his “Science of a man” Nesmelov wants to develop new answers to Apollinaris’ heretical teaching — those answers which St. Gregory wasn’t able (according to Nesmelov) to propose it his time. The main theme in this new anthropological answer was the statement that human personality has a particular nature, which is not identical to the nature of each human individual. In this article author tries to analyze the doctrinal contradictions and complexities caused by the intellectual realization of the Nesmelov’s idea
V. Nesmelov, V. Snegirev, St. Gregory of Nyssa, “Science of a man”, Personalism, Psychology, Nature of the Personality, Russian Theology.

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3. Mihail (Gribanovskij), ep. Sochinenija. Pis'ma. Zhizneopisanie (Works. Letters. Biography), Moscow, 2011.
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Khondzinskii Pavel, archpriest

PHILOSOPHY

Kurdybailo Dmitrii

On Symbol and Symbolism in Origen’s Treatise «Contra Celsum»

Kurdybailo Dmitrii (2016) "On Symbol and Symbolism in Origen’s Treatise «Contra Celsum» ", Vestnik Pravoslavnogo Sviato-Tikhonovskogo gumanitarnogo universiteta. Seriia I : Bogoslovie. Filosofiia. Religiovedenie, 2016, Iss. 63, pp. 53-68 (in Russian).

DOI of the paper: 10.15382/sturI201663.53-68
The article describes a context analysis of terms σUμβολον and τUπος in Origen’s treatise Contra Celsum. The Christian, Gnostic and pagan types of symbolism are distinguished as they are introduced by Origen and his opponent. Each type has its specifi c understanding of symbol in the ontological area, which then is projected onto exegesis of authoritative texts of each tradition. Christian symbolism is traced through various examples of Origen’s commentaries on the Bible to distinguish σUμβολον from τUπος, which are treated as representing “vertical” and “horizontal” relations between referent and denotation. Pagan symbolism is built up from concepts of pagan gods’ veneration and theurgy, with the latter related to the theory of universal sympathy. Gnostic conception of symbols is based on the metaphysical goal of human souls to escape from the fallen universe using symbols (extracted primarily from the text of New Testament and authoritative Gnostic texts) as a ‘key’ or ‘password’ for not to be seized by guarding spirits. Finally, a more subtle distinction is proposed to underline ontologic difference between symbol and allegory as they are based on different types of referent– denotation link. As a result, a generalized outline of Origen’s symbolism is formulated as a series of features distinguishing it from concurrent types of symbolism as well as from typology and allegory in Christian discourse.
Origen, Celsus, Symbol, Type, Typology, Allegory, Tropology, Exegetics, Hermeneutics, School of Alexandria, Patristics, Bible studies, Semiotics

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18. Ramelli I. 2011 “The Philosophical Stance of Allegory in Stoicism and its Reception in Platonism, Pagan and Christian: Origen in Dialogue with the Stoics and Plato”, in International Journal of the Classical Tradition, 2011, vol. 18/3, pp. 335–371.

Kurdybailo Dmitrii

Nofal Faris

The Eclectic Wing of the Mu’tazili Kalam: Ahmad b. al-Ha’it and his Abrahamic- Neoplatonic «Synthesis»

Nofal Faris (2016) "The Eclectic Wing of the Mu’tazili Kalam: Ahmad b. al-Ha’it and his Abrahamic- Neoplatonic «Synthesis» ", Vestnik Pravoslavnogo Sviato-Tikhonovskogo gumanitarnogo universiteta. Seriia I : Bogoslovie. Filosofiia. Religiovedenie, 2016, Iss. 63, pp. 69-78 (in Russian).

DOI of the paper: 10.15382/sturI201663.69-78
The present article is devoted to research in genesis and evolution of views of medieval thinker Ahmad b. al-Ha’it (d. 847). Being a unique figure for his time, Ibn al-Ha’it played a significant role in the formation of Arabic philosophy, which, unfortunately, is ignored to this day by specialists-medievalists: so, for the first time in the history of intellectual thought of the medieval Middle East, the Mu’tazilli philosopher made an attempt of an exit from a strict theologism of Kalam to the tradition, which was issued in Falsafah. Justification of the reincarnation theory within the Islamic theological field which is initially constructed on postulates of singularity and an extremity of any terrestrial human life became a separate merit of Ahmad. Along with it, the thinker attracted the arianistic doctrine, which allowed by him to develop his own Christology and ontology in neoplatonic paradigmatics. Thereby, the pupil of a great Basrian thinker Ibrahim b. Sayyar an-Nazzam anticipated the great synthesis of Kalam and Arabic peripatetizm realized by late Ash’arites — al-Ghazali (d. 505/1111), Fakhruddin ar-Razi (d. 606/1210) and ʻUdud ad-Din al-Iji (d. 756/1355).
Islam, Neoplatonism, Arabic Peripatetism, Ahmad b. al-Ha’it, an-Nazzam, Reincarnation, Kalam, Mu’tazilism, Arianism, Classical Arabic Philosophy.

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Cherniak Aleksei

The Problem of References of Proper Names: Theological Aspect

Cherniak Aleksei (2016) "The Problem of References of Proper Names: Theological Aspect ", Vestnik Pravoslavnogo Sviato-Tikhonovskogo gumanitarnogo universiteta. Seriia I : Bogoslovie. Filosofiia. Religiovedenie, 2016, Iss. 63, pp. 79-98 (in Russian).

DOI of the paper: 10.15382/sturI201663.79-98
In the article some problems concerned an application of standard conception of reference to the word “God” are considered in tradition of analytic philosophy. The author engages in a discussion with R. Swinburne and W. Alston. According to conception mentioned above proper names denote particular things. But an interpretation of such expressions in accord with the standard view presupposes that proper referents should be assigned to them, and those to be found in a world the utterance of the name is about. But in order to do this an interpreter has to be able to identify the referent. Meanwhile even those things which we can immediately interact with, are structurally complex and susceptible to changes, including differences in presentations to subjects. This makes their givennes and identification quite a problem. Yet more problematic looks an assignment of a standard reference to a name which is supposed to designate something unable to be immediately given to any competent language speaker, like historic object, event or person, or God. This paper analyses different accounts of interpretation of proper names. It proposes a model of interpretation according to which proper names may be assigned standard references without the referents to be somehow given an agent of an utterance, based on a Kripkean historical account coupled with an understanding of proper names as anaphors. Its application to conventional uses of the name «God» in monotheistic discourses is critically analyzed.
Proper Name, Reference, Particular Thing, Interpretation, Utterance, Discourse, Anaphora, Definite Description, Direct Reference, Theme, Usual Talk.

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Cherniak Aleksei

RELIGIOUS STUDIES

Barashkov Viktor

First Handbooks on History of Religion and Comparative Religion Abroad

Barashkov Viktor (2016) "First Handbooks on History of Religion and Comparative Religion Abroad ", Vestnik Pravoslavnogo Sviato-Tikhonovskogo gumanitarnogo universiteta. Seriia I : Bogoslovie. Filosofiia. Religiovedenie, 2016, Iss. 63, pp. 101-116 (in Russian).

DOI of the paper: 10.15382/sturI201663.101-116
One of the important aspects of institutionalization of the religious studies in 1870– 1910s was the publishing of the fi rst handbooks on history of religion and comparative religion. The aim of the paper is to analyze methods and approaches of religious studies, as they described in these handbooks. The main characteristic of religion for the historians of religion was its universality. The most important methods, according to them, were historical approach, comparative approach, using of the notion «development». It is important, that we deal foremost with the «history of religion» in these handbooks, not with the «history of religions». Primitive religions were usually excluded from these handbooks, because they «have not history». First handbooks on history of religion often were edited in the series of theological handbooks, that’s why Christianity was described in them quite often as «higher» religion. Researches on comparative religion were based upon the history of religion. One of the main principles of comparative religion was that it should not deal with religious values, but only with a comparison of facts. The author concludes that scholars of religion nowadays should not only collect the facts, but also realize projects on the general history (theory) of religion.
History of Religion, Comparative Religion, Religious Studies, Universality of Religion, Development of Religion, Methods of Religious Studies, Historical Method, Anthropology of Religion, Christianity

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Barashkov Viktor

BOOK REVIEWS

Shilov Evgenii, priest

Two New Books on Filioque — Rev. of Coetzee M. The Filioque Impasse: Patristic Roots. NJ: Gorgias Press, 2012 (Perspectives on Philosophy and Religious Thought; 6); Шульц Д.Н. Новый взгляд на тысячелетнюю дискуссию западного и восточного христианства: В

Shilov Evgenii (2016) "Two New Books on Filioque". Rev. of Coetzee M. The Filioque Impasse: Patristic Roots. NJ: Gorgias Press, 2012 (Perspectives on Philosophy and Religious Thought; 6); Shulyts D.N. Noviy vzgliad na tisiacheletnyuyu diskussiyu zapadnogo i vostochnogo hristianstva: V, Vestnik Pravoslavnogo Sviato-Tikhonovskogo gumanitarnogo universiteta. Seriia I : Bogoslovie. Filosofiia. Religiovedenie, 2016, Iss. 63, pp. 119-125 (in Russian).

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Shilov Evgenii, priest

Nyebolszin Antal

Rev. of Witulski Th. Die vier «apokalyptischen Reiter» Apk 6. 1-8. Ein Versuch ihrer zeitgeschichtlichen (Neu-)Interpretation. Neukirchen, 2015

Nyebolszin Antal (2016) Rev. of Witulski Th. Die vier «apokalyptischen Reiter» Apk 6. 1-8. Ein Versuch ihrer zeitgeschichtlichen (Neu-)Interpretation. Neukirchen, 2015, Vestnik Pravoslavnogo Sviato-Tikhonovskogo gumanitarnogo universiteta. Seriia I : Bogoslovie. Filosofiia. Religiovedenie, 2016, Iss. 63, pp. 126-128 (in Russian).

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Nyebolszin Antal

Nyebolszin Antal

Rev. of Mucha R. Der apokalyptische Kaiser. Die Wahrnehmung Domitians in der apokalyptischen Literatur des Fruehjudentums und Urchristentums. Peter Lang, 2015

Nyebolszin Antal (2016) Rev. of Mucha R. Der apokalyptische Kaiser. Die Wahrnehmung Domitians in der apokalyptischen Literatur des Fruehjudentums und Urchristentums. Peter Lang, 2015, Vestnik Pravoslavnogo Sviato-Tikhonovskogo gumanitarnogo universiteta. Seriia I : Bogoslovie. Filosofiia. Religiovedenie, 2016, Iss. 63, pp. 129-132 (in Russian).

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Nyebolszin Antal

Borisov Antonii, priest

Rev. of Avis P.D.L.In Search of Authority. Anglican Theological Method from the Reformation to the Enlightenment. Bloomsbury, 2014

Borisov Antonii (2016) Rev. of Avis P.D.L.In Search of Authority. Anglican Theological Method from the Reformation to the Enlightenment. Bloomsbury, 2014, Vestnik Pravoslavnogo Sviato-Tikhonovskogo gumanitarnogo universiteta. Seriia I : Bogoslovie. Filosofiia. Religiovedenie, 2016, Iss. 63, pp. 133-136 (in Russian).

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Borisov Antonii, priest

Koltsov Aleksandr

Rev. of Otto К. Theologie - Religionsphilosophie - Religionsgeschichte / J. Lauster, P. Schüz, R. Barth, Ch. Danz, Hrsg. De Gruyter, 2014

Koltsov Aleksandr (2016) Rev. of Otto K. Theologie - Religionsphilosophie - Religionsgeschichte / J. Lauster, P. Schüz, R. Barth, Ch. Danz, Hrsg. De Gruyter, 2014, Vestnik Pravoslavnogo Sviato-Tikhonovskogo gumanitarnogo universiteta. Seriia I : Bogoslovie. Filosofiia. Religiovedenie, 2016, Iss. 63, pp. 136-139 (in Russian).

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Koltsov Aleksandr

Pavliuchenkov Nikolai

Rev. of Флоренский П. В. Обретая путь. Павел Флоренский в университетские годы: В 2 т. Прогресс-Традиция, 2015.

Pavliuchenkov Nikolai (2016) Rev. of Florenskiy P. V. Obretaia puty. Pavel Florenskiy v universitetskie godi: V 2 t. Progress-Traditsiia, 2015., Vestnik Pravoslavnogo Sviato-Tikhonovskogo gumanitarnogo universiteta. Seriia I : Bogoslovie. Filosofiia. Religiovedenie, 2016, Iss. 63, pp. 140-143 (in Russian).

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Pavliuchenkov Nikolai

Berdnikova Aleksandra

Rev. of Leibniz and Absolute Unity in P. Florensky’s Christian Pesronalism: Половинкин С. М. Христианский персонализм священника Павла Флоренского. РГГУ, 2015

Berdnikova Aleksandra (2016) Rev. of Leibniz and Absolute Unity in P. Florensky’s Christian Pesronalism: Polovinkin S. M. Hristianskiy personalizm sviashtennika Pavla Florenskogo. RGGU, 2015, Vestnik Pravoslavnogo Sviato-Tikhonovskogo gumanitarnogo universiteta. Seriia I : Bogoslovie. Filosofiia. Religiovedenie, 2016, Iss. 63, pp. 144-147 (in Russian).

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Berdnikova Aleksandra